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Fonar Corporation

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FONAR CORPORATION

110 Marcus Drive

Melville, New York 11747

(631) 694-2929

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

Monday, June 11, 2018May 24, 2021

To The Stockholders:

The Annual Meeting of the stockholders of Fonar Corporation will be held at the Double Tree Hotel, Wilmington Downtown, 700 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 (302-655-0400), on Monday, June 11, 2018,May 24, 2021, at 10:00 a.m. local time for the following purposes:

1. To elect five Directors to the Board of Directors.

2. To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers.

3. To ratify the selection of Marcum LLP as the Company’s auditors for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.2021.

4. To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on April 23, 20185, 2021 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, this meeting. A list of such stockholders will be available for examination by any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting, during normal business hours, at the principal office of the Company, 110 Marcus Drive, Melville, New York, for a period of ten days prior to the meeting.

Whether or not you expect to attend in person, we urge you to vote your shares at your earliest convenience. You may vote by internet, by phone or by signing, dating, and returning your proxy at your earliest convenience. Voting by internet, telephone or mail will not prevent you from voting your stock at the meeting if you desire to do so, as your proxy is revocable at your option.

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

/s/ Claudette J.V. Chan

Claudette J.V. Chan, Secretary

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR ANNUAL MEETING OF

STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD MONDAY, JUNE 11, 2018MAY 24, 20210

This proxy statement, which is first being made available to shareholders on or about May 2, 2018April 9, 2020 on the internet, is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors of Fonar Corporation (the "Company"), to be voted at the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company to be held at 10:00 a.m. on June 11, 2018May 24, 2021 and any adjournment(s) thereof for the purposes set forth in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders. At the same time a paper notice regarding the availability of proxy materials will be mailed to stockholders. Stockholders who execute proxies retain the right to revoke them at any time prior to the exercise of the powers conferred thereby. The cost of solicitation of proxies will be borne by the Company.

The stockholders will have several options as to how to view the materials and vote their shares.

The Company is posting the Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement, together with the Annual Report on the internet. You may read the materials online or print out a copy. You will also have the ability to vote online.

In the alternative, you may elect to receive an e-mail or the traditional paper copies of the Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement, and the Annual Report. There is no charge for receiving e-mail or paper copies, BUT you must request them if you want them. To facilitate timely delivery please make the request as instructed on or before May 25, 2018.April 30, 2021.

To view the materials and vote on the internet, have the 12 Digit Control Number(s) located on the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials available and visit: www.proxyvote.com.

Stockholders may request a copy of the Proxy Materials:

1.       By internet – visit www.proxy.com

2.       By telephone – 1-800-579-1639

3.       By e-mail – sendmaterial@proxyvote.com

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on April 23, 20185, 2021 will be entitled to vote at the meeting. Shares of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share, shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share and shares of Class C Common Stock are entitled to twenty-five votes per share. At the close of business on April 19, 2018,5, 2021, there were issued and outstanding 6,678,8726,554,210 shares of Common Stock held of record by approximately 1,0401,024 stockholders, 146 shares of Class B Common Stock held of record by 8by12 stockholders and 382,513 shares of Class C Common Stock held of record by 3 stockholders. The shares of Class A Nonvoting Preferred Stock, 313,438 shares held of record by approximately 1,1251,139 stockholders at the close of business on April 19, 2018,5, 2021, are not entitled to vote. Except for the shares of Class A Nonvoting Preferred Stock, there are no shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

Any proxy may be revoked at any time before it is exercised by delivery of a written instrument of revocation or a later dated proxy to the Secretary of the Company at the principal executive office of the Company or, while the meeting is in session, to the Secretary of the meeting, without, however, affecting any vote previously taken. The presence of a stockholder at the meeting will not operate to revoke his proxy. The casting of a ballot by a stockholder who is present at the meeting, however, will revoke his proxy, but only as to the matters on which the ballot is cast and not as to any matters on which he does not cast a ballot or as to matters previously voted upon.

Proxies received by management will be voted at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. EACH PROXY WILL BE VOTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPECIFICATIONS MADE THEREIN BY THE PERSON GIVING THE PROXY. TO THE EXTENT NO CHOICE IS SPECIFIED, HOWEVER, THE PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR MANAGEMENT’S PROPOSALS. All of management’s proposals have been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors.

1. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

Five directors are to be elected at the annual meeting, to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified. It is intended that the accompanying proxy will be voted in favor of the following nominees to serve as directors unless the stockholder indicates to the contrary on the proxy. All of the nominees are currently directors. Management expects that each of the nominees will be available for election.

NOMINEES FOR ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

1.       Raymond V. Damadian

2.       Claudette J.V. Chan

3.       Robert J. Janoff

4.       Charles N. O’Data

5.4.       Ronald G. Lehman

5.       Richard E. Turk

BIOGRAPHIES FOR DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Raymond V. Damadian, M.D. (age 82)85) has been the Chairman of the Board since its inception in 1978 and Treasurer since February, 2001. Up until February 11, 2016, Dr. Damadian also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Fonar. Dr. Damadian was employed by the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, as an Associate Professor of Biophysics and Associate Professor of Internal Medicine from 1967 until September 1979. He received an M.D. degree in 1960 from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, and a B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin in 1956. In addition, Dr. Damadian conducted post-graduate work at Harvard University, where he studied extensively in the fields of physics, mathematics and electronics. Dr. Damadian is the author of numerous articles and books on the nuclear magnetic resonance effect in human tissue, which is the theoretical basis for the Fonar MRI scanners. He is a 1988 recipient of the National Medal of Technology. In 1989 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, for his contributions in conceiving and developing the application of magnetic resonance technology to medical applications including whole body scanning and diagnostic imaging. Dr. Damadian is the President, Treasurer and director of Health Management Corporation of America (“HMCA”), a Manager of Imperial Management Services, LLC (“Imperial”) and a Manager of Health Diagnostics Management, LLC (“HDM”) which three entities are subsidiaries of Fonar. Dr. Damadian is the father of Timothy Damadian and brother of Claudette J.V. Chan.

Timothy Damadian (age 52)56) has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Fonar since February 11, 2016. From 2010 to 2016 he served as an independent consultant, with a focus on the Company’s MRI facility management business. Timothy Damadian began his career at Fonar in 1985, installing MRI scanners and components for Fonar customers. Over the course of the following 16 years, he held positions of increasing authority, eventually becoming Vice President of Operations. In 1997, Timothy Damadian was appointed President of the newly formed Health Management Corporation of America (HMCA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fonar that was formed to manage medical and diagnostic imaging offices. In 2001, Timothy Damadian left Fonar to form Integrity Healthcare Management, Inc., a diagnostic imaging management company that would eventually manage 11 MRI scanning centers in New York and Florida. The company was a success and was sold to Health Diagnostics, LLC in 2007.

Mr. Damadian returned to Fonar as a consultant in 2010.2010 and was appointed as Fonar’s Chief Executive Officer and President on February 11, 2016. He also serves as a Manager of Imperial Management Services, LLC and a Manager of Health Diagnostics Management, LLC, which are subsidiaries of HMCA. Timothy Damadian is the son of Dr. Raymond V. Damadian and nephew of Claudette J.V. Chan.

Luciano B. Bonanni (age 62)65) has served as Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Executive Vice President (EVP) for Fonar Corporation since June 27, 2016. Prior to his appointment as COO, Mr. Bonanni had served the Company as Vice President since 1989, during which time he oversaw general operations, research and development, manufacturing, service, sales, finance, accounting and regulatory compliance. Prior to 1989, Mr. Bonanni held the title of Vice President of Production and Engineering from the time of Fonar’s initial public offering in 1981. Mr. Bonanni joined the Company as an electrical engineer in 1978. He holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering degree from Manhattan College.

Claudette J.V. Chan (age 80)83) has been a Director of Fonar since October 1987 and Secretary of Fonar since January 2008. Mrs. Chan was employed from 1992 through 1997 by Raymond V. Damadian, M.D. MR Scanning Centers Management Company and since 1997 by HMCA, as "site inspector," in which capacity she is responsible for supervising and implementing standard procedures and policies for MRI scanning centers. From 1989 to 1994 Mrs. Chan was employed by St. Matthew's and St. Timothy's Neighborhood Center, Inc., as the director of volunteers in the "Meals on Wheels" program, a program which cares for the elderly. From approximately 1983 to 1989, Mrs. Chan was President of the Claudette Penot Collection, a retail mail-order business specializing in women's apparel and gifts. Mrs. Chan practiced and taught in the field of nursing until 1973, when her son was born. She received a bachelor of science degree in nursing from Cornell University in 1960. Mrs. Chan is the sister of Raymond V. Damadian and aunt of Timothy Damadian.

Robert J. Janoff (age 90) has been a Director of Fonar since February 1989. Mr. Janoff has been a self-employed New York State licensed private investigator for more than thirty-five years and was a Senior Adjustor in Empire Insurance Group for more than 15 years until retiring from that position on July 1, 1997. Mr. Janoff also served, from June 1985 to June 1991, as President of Action Data Management Strategies, Ltd., a supplier of computer programs for use by insurance companies. Mr. Janoff was a member of the Board of Directors of Harmony Heights of Oyster Bay, New York for over 25 years, which is a nonprofit residential school for girls with learning disabilities.

Charles N. O'Data (age 82)85) has been a Director of Fonar since February 1998. From 1961 to 1997, Mr. O'Data was the Vice President for Development for Geneva College, a liberal arts college located in western Pennsylvania. In that capacity, he acted as the College's chief investment officer. His responsibilities included management of the College's endowment fund and fund raising. In July 1997, Mr. O'Data retired from Geneva College after 36 years of service to assume a position of National Sales Executive for SC Johnson Company's Professional Markets Group, a unit of SC Johnson Wax, and specialized in healthcare and education sales, a position he held until the spring of 1999. In his capacity with SC Johnson he was responsible for sales to the nation’s three largest Group Purchasing Organizations which included some 4,000 hospitals. Mr. O'Data presently acts as an independent financial consultant to various entities. Mr. O'Data served on the board of The Medical Center, Beaver, Pennsylvania, now a part of Heritage Valley Health System, a 500 bed acute care facility, for 26 years, three as its Chair. Mr. O’Data also served on the board of the Hospital Council of Western Pennsylvania,Amerinet, a shared-services and group purchasing organization covering seven states. He founded The Beaver County Foundation, a Community Foundation, in 1992, and serves as its President. Mr. O'Data is listed as a finance associate in the Middle States Association, Commission on Higher Education. The commission is the formal accrediting body for higher education in the eastern region of the country. In this capacity he evaluates the financial aspects of educational organizations. Mr. O’Data is a graduate of Geneva College, where he received a B.S. degree in Economics in 1958.

Ronald G. Lehman (age 41)44) has been a Director of Fonar since April, 2012.2012, when he was unanimously appointed by the remaining four Directors to fill the vacancy resulting from the death of the former Director Robert Djerejian. From October, 2009 to the present, Mr. Lehman has served as Managing Director of Investment Banking with Bruderman Brothers, LLC, a private New York-based broker-dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and which is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). Mr. Lehman directly manages all facets of the firm’s transaction processes, from deal origination, to sourcing capital, to negotiating deal structures, through documentation and closing. The firm provides buy and sell-side advisory, capital raising, and consulting services to lower middle-market companies. Mr. Lehman specializes in advising healthcare services companies and has recently completed several recapitalizations in the industry. He also participates in the firm’s merchant banking investments and oversees many of these assignments. From May, 2008 to October, 2009, Mr. Lehman served as Senior Vice President of Acquisitions at Health Diagnostics, LLC, where he managed the company’s acquisition and corporate finance activities. From March, 2000 to May, 2008, Mr. Lehman worked for various Bruderman entities as a buy and sell-side advisor and as a principal in several private equity transactions. From September, 1998 to March, 2000, Mr. Lehman worked at Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. and last held the position of Associate in their Global Custody Group. Mr. Lehman graduated from Columbia University with a B.A. in 1998.

Richard E. Turk (age 36) has been a Director of Fonar since June, 2020, when he was appointed to fill the vacancies on the Board of Directors and Audit Committee of the Board of Directors resulting from the death of his predecessor, Robert J. Janoff. Mr. Turk is the Chief Development Officer of PRISM Vision Group, a private equity-backed, multi-location, outpatient comprehensive eye care practice headquartered in Union, New Jersey. Since joining PRISM in November, 2018, Mr. Turk has helped source, analyze, and complete 12 acquisitions. He spearheaded growth efforts that helped PRISM expand from a single-speciality (retina) provider with 17 locations and 21 physicians to a comprehensive, vertically-integrated, multi-specialty, eye care organization with approximately 90 physicians and more than 50 locations across New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. Prior to his tenure at PRISM, Mr. Turk was employed by Professional Physical Therapy, a private equity-backed outpatient physical and occupational therapy company headquartered in Uniondale, New Jersey with more than 180 locations across New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. During his four years at Professional Physical Therapy, Mr. Turk sourced, analyzed, and completed 32 acquisitions comprised of 116 clinics, expanding the company’s services and adding three states. From 2007 to 2014, Mr. Turk was employed by Bruderman Brothers, a broker dealer involved in investment banking, merchant banking, investment advisory, and consulting for lower middle market companies ($10M-$250M of enterprise value) in a variety of industries, including healthcare. Mr. Turk was Vice President of Bruderman Brothers from 2011 to 2014. Mr. Turk graduated from Columbia University with a B.A. in American History in 2007.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, THE BOARD AND ITS COMMITTEES

All of the nominees are presently directors of the Company. The five nominees will be elected to hold office for the ensuing year or until their respective successors are elected and qualified. Of the five nominees, Messrs. Charles N. O’Data, Robert J. Janoff and Ronald G. Lehman and Richard E. Turk are independent, as defined in the Securities and Exchange Commission Regulations and Nasdaq Market Place Rules. In making such determinations, there were no transactions, relationships or arrangements not disclosed in our SEC filings to be considered by the Board of Directors, in determining whether the director was independent.

BOARD MEETINGS

During the year ended June 30, 20172020 the Board of Directors unanimously consented to take action in lieu of a meeting on fourtwo occasions, and the audit committee met four times.

The attendance of the Board of Directors at annual meetings is not required. The Chairman of the Board, Dr. Raymond V. Damadian, however, when he attends the annual meeting of stockholders, where he acts as Chairman of the Meeting.

Dr. Damadian receives no compensation for serving on the Board. The other directors are each paid $20,000 per year in their capacities as directors. This is the sole compensation payable to the directors.

Board Leadership Structure. The current Board Chairman is Dr. Raymond V. Damadian. In addition, although the Company has not selected a lead independent director, Charles N. O’Data in his capacity as Chairman of the Audit Committee, effectively functions as such. The Company believes that the Company’s current leadership structure is appropriate for the Company in the context of the specific circumstances facing the Company. Consideration of the Company’s leadership structure is a continuing process which the Board of Directors and Management of the Company undertake in coordination with each other.

The lead independent director, Charles N. O’Data, isacts as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. As such he plays a leading role in the engagement of auditors and the review of the Company’s financial statements. Under certain circumstances, he has also served as a contact point for employees.

The Company believes its present leadership structure is successfully meeting the Company’s current needs, including:

Efficient communication between Management and the Board;

Clarity for the Company’s stockholders on corporate leadership and accountability;

The Chairman of the Board having the Company’s strategy, operations and financial conditions; and

Continuity in the Company’s leadership, as the Chairman of the Board, Dr. Raymond V. Damadian, founded the Company in 1978.

The Company's Board of Directors has an audit committee. There is no standing compensation committee, nominating committee or other committee of the Board.

In accordance with the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, the Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the audit committee which took effect in June, 2001 and was revised on November 17, 2004. All of the directors on the audit committee are independent.

Stockholders may communicate with directors by writing to them at the Company in accordance with the Company’s corporate governance policies and code of conduct, or in any other manner the particular director may provide. Depending on the sensitivity and timing of a matter raised by a stockholder and the need for disclosure of matters to be made not to just one stockholder, but to the stockholders as a whole, it may not be possible for the director to reply to the stockholder.

The shareholdings of the Company’s Chairman of the Board, Dr. Raymond V. Damadian, have more than 50% of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding stock. Consequently, the Company is a controlled company for purposes of NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4350(c).

AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee, which is comprised solely of independent directors, is governed by a Board approved charter that contains, among other things, the Committee’s membership requirements and responsibilities. The audit committee oversees the Company’s accounting, financial reporting processes, internal controls and audits, and consults with management and the independent public accountants on, among other items, matters related to the annual audit, the published financial statements and the accounting principles applied. As part of its duties, the audit committee appoints, evaluates and retains the Company’s independent public accountants. It also maintains direct responsibility for the compensation, termination and oversight of the Company’s independent public accountants and evaluates the independent public accountants’ qualifications, performance and independence.

Financial Expert on Audit Committee: The Board has determined that Mr. Charles N. O’Data, is the audit committee financial expert. The Board made a qualitative assessment of Mr. O’Data’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his formal education and experience.

Board Oversight of Risk Management.Management. The Company faces risk in many different areas, including business strategy; government regulation; financial condition; health care compliance; product research and development; competition for talent; business vitality; operational efficiency; quality assurance; reputation; intellectual property; and trade secrets, among others. The oversight function is carried out in the quarterly and annual Audit Committee meetings and by communication and meetings with the Company’s Management, which exercises the responsibility for oversight of risk management.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

The audit committee has (a) reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements with management, (b) discussed with the independent auditors the matters required to be discussed by SAS 61 (Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61) and (c) has received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent accountants required by Independence Standards Board, Standard No. 1 and has discussed with the independent accountants the independent accountant’s independence.

Based on the foregoing review and discussions, the audit committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.2020.

The members of the audit committee are Messrs. Charles N. O’Data, Robert J. Janoff and Ronald G. Lehman.Lehman and Richard E. Turk. Messrs. O’Data, JanoffLehman and LehmanTurk are independent directors, as defined in the Securities and Exchange Commission Regulations and Nasdaq Market Place Rules.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE

The Board of Directors does not believe it requires a separate standing nominating committee because the Board of Directors is relatively small and can make the nominations acting as a whole. The Board does not have a policy with regard to director candidates recommended by stockholders because the absence of such recommendations makes a formal policy unnecessary. Historically, there usually has not been a need to identify new nominees in the absence of the resignation or death of an existing director. The remaining directors evaluate a new nominee based on his integrity, loyalty, competence and experience, and how his background complements that of the remaining directors.

Promoting diversity in the selection of nominees has not yet been considered, but the Board follows a policy of nondiscrimination and equal opportunity.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION

The Board of Directors does not believe it requires a separate standing compensation committee because the management, under the authority of the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer, is best equipped to make compensation decisions. The Board reserves the right to change this policy at any time.

Dr. Raymond V. Damadian, who serves as Chairman of the Board, and Timothy Damadian, who serves as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, participate in the deliberation and determination of executive officer and director compensation.

VOTE REQUIRED AND BOARD RECOMMENDATION

The directors will be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes represented at the meeting. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR ALL OF THE NOMINEES FOR THE DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY.

INFORMATION REGARDING BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS, DIRECTORS, AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company's common shares held by holders of at least 5% of the shares of any class, by the nominees for directors, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and the directors and executive officers as a group as of the close of business on April 19, 2018.September 30, 2020.

 ___________________________

* Less than one percent

___________________________

1. Address provided for each beneficial owner owning more than five percent of the voting securities of the Company.Fonar.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

See Item 13, “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20172020 which is specifically incorporated by reference herein. A copy of the Form 10-K is included in the Annual Report to Stockholders which is being sent to the Company’s stockholders with this Proxy Statement.)

The Company believes that each of the related transactions described therein were on terms at least as favorable to the Company as were available from non-affiliated parties.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The compensation of the Company’s executive officers is based on a combination of salary and bonuses based on performance. Decisions concerning compensation are made on a case by case basis and not pursuant to standardized formulas, programs, policies or criteria, except for commissions in the case of sales. The Board of Directors does not have a compensation committee and does not believe such a committee is required, in view of the manner in which compensation matters are handled. Dr. Raymond V. Damadian and Claudette J.V. Chan are executive officers as well as members of the Board of Directors. Dr. Damadian, who also has voting control of the Company and serves as Chairman of the Board, Timothy Damadian, who has served as PEO and President of the Company since February 11, 2016, and Luciano Bonanni the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company since June 27, 2016, participate in the determination of executive compensation for the Company’s officers.

As noted above, the Company's compensation policy is primarily based upon the practice of pay-for-performance. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code imposes a limitation on the deductibility of nonperformance-based compensation in excess of $1 million paid to the Principal Executive Officer. No officer of the Company received compensation in excess of $1 million in fiscal 2016 or in any previous fiscal year. The Board currently believes that the Company should be able to continue to manage its executive compensation program for others so as to preserve the related federal income tax deductions.

The Company does not believe that there are any risks arising from its compensation policies and practices for its employees that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company maintains no pension or deferred compensation plans except for a noncontributory 401(k) plan.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table discloses compensation received for the three years ended June 30, 2015,2018, June 30, 20162019 and June 30, 20172020 by the Company’s Principal Executive Officer, the Company’s Principal Financial Officer and any officer of the Company receiving at least $100,000 for the year.

No executive officer has a written or unwritten employment agreement with the Company. Salaries, bonuses and discretionary stock and stock option awards comprise the full amount of total compensation. The only exceptions are commissions, based on a percentage of the sales prices, payable to salesmen.

Compensation Pursuant to Stock Options and SAR Grants

No stock options or stock appreciation rights were granted to the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer during fiscal 2017.2020.

Option/SAR Exercises and Year End Values

No options or stock appreciation rights were exercised by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer during fiscal 2017.2020. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer did not hold any unexercised stock options or stock appreciation rights at the end of fiscal 2017.2020.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table shows the compensation paid to the Directors for fiscal 2017:2020:

With the exception of Dr. Damadian who receives no compensation for serving as a director, each director is entitled to receive $20,000 per annum for his or her services as a director of the Company, including service on any committee of the Board of Directors. No other fees are paid to the directors for their services as directors of the Company.

2. ADVISORY VOTE ON COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following proposal provides the Company’s stockholders with an opportunity to vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement. In considering your vote, you may wish to review with care the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section, which provides details as to the Company’s compensation policies, procedures and decisions, as well as the Summary Compensation Table and other related compensation tables, notes and narrative disclosures under the executive compensation section of this proxy statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific element of the Company’s executive compensation program, but rather the overall compensation program for the Company’s named executive officers. This vote currently is being taken on an annual basis at the Company’s annual meeting.

In accordance with Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are asking stockholders to approve the following advisory resolution at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders:Stockholders

RESOLVED, that the stockholders of Fonar Corporation (the “Corporation”) approve, on an advisory basis, the overall compensation of the Corporation’s named executive officers disclosed in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Summary Compensation Table and related compensation tables, notes and narrative discussion in this Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR this resolution because it believes that the policies and practices described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis are effective in achieving the Company’s goals of rewarding sustained financial and operating performance and leadership excellence and aligning the executives’ long-term interests with those of the stockholders, as well as motivating the executives to remain with the Company for long and productive careers.

This advisory resolution, commonly referred to as a “say-on-pay” resolution, is non-binding on the Board of Directors. Although non-binding, the Board will review and consider the voting results when evaluating our executive compensation program.

3. RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF AUDITORS

The Board of Directors selected Marcum LLP, as the Company's independent auditors for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.2021. The stockholders will be asked to ratify this action by the Board. Marcum LLP were the Company’s auditors for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015,2018, June 30, 20162019 and June 30, 2017.2020.

One or more representatives of Marcum LLP, are expected to be present at the Meeting with the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so, and to be available to respond to appropriate questions.

The affirmative vote of shares holding a majority of the votes represented at the meeting is required to ratify the selection of auditors by the Board of Directors. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THE PROPOSAL.

AUDIT FEES

The aggregate fees billed by Marcum LLP for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20172020 and the reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Forms 10-Q for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20172020 were $357,000.$409,000.

The aggregate fees billed by Marcum LLP for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016,2019, and the reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Forms 10-Q for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20162019 were $387,000.$459,856.

All work on the audits in each of the last two fiscal years was performed by full-time permanent employees of Marcum LLP.

AUDIT-RELATED FEES

No fees were billed by Marcum LLP for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172020 and June 30, 20162019 for services related to the audit or review of our financial statements that are not included under the caption “AUDIT FEES”.

TAX FEES

No fees were billed by Marcum LLP for tax compliance, tax advice or tax planning in the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172020 and June 30, 2016.2019.

ALL OTHER FEES

No fees were billed by Marcum LLP for any other services during the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172020 and June 30, 2016.2019.

Since January 1, 2013,2003, the audit committee has adopted policies and procedures for pre-approving all non-audit work performed by its auditors. Specifically, the committee must pre-approve the use of the auditors for all such services. The audit committee has pre-approved all non-audit work since that time and in making its determination has considered whether the provision of such services was compatible with the independence of the auditors. Marcum LLP has not provided any services in addition to audit services in fiscal 20172020 and 2016. The services to be performed are presented2019.

Our audit committee believes that the provision by Marcum LLP of services in addition to the committee or its chairman, and the matter is then evaluated and a decision made.

audit services in previous years were compatible with maintaining their independence.

PROPOSALS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Proposals of stockholders intended to be presented at next year’s annual meeting of stockholders must be received by the Company no later than January 31, 201920, 2022 to be included in the Company's proxy statement and form of proxy related to that meeting.

SOLICITATION OF PROXIES

The proxy accompanying this proxy statement is solicited by the Board of Directors of the Company. Proxies may be solicited by officers, directors, and regular supervisory and executive employees of the Company, none of whom will receive any additional compensation for their services. Such solicitations may be made personally, or by mail, e-mail, facsimile, telephone, telegraph, or messenger. The Company will pay persons holding shares of stock in their names or in the names of nominees, but not owning such shares beneficially, such as brokerage houses, banks, and other fiduciaries, for the expense of forwarding solicitation materials to their principals. All of the costs of solicitation of proxies will be paid by the Company.

VOTING TABULATION

The election of the Company's directors requires a plurality of the votes represented in person or by proxy at the meeting. The ratification of proposals and the selection of auditors requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes represented in person or by proxy at the meeting. Votes cast by proxy or in person at the meeting will be tabulated by the Company.

A stockholder who abstains from voting on any or all proposals will be included in the number of shareholders present at the meeting for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum. Abstentions will not be counted either in favor of or against the election of the nominees or other proposals. Under the rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, brokers holding stock for the accounts of their clients who have not been given specific voting instructions as to a matter by their clients in certain cases may vote their clients' proxies in their own discretion. Where a proposal requires a majority of the votes present for its passage, an abstention or broker non-vote will have the same effect as a negative vote.

OTHER MATTERS

The Board of Directors does not intend to bring any other business before the meeting, and so far as is known to the Board, no matters are to be brought before the meeting except as specified in the notice of the meeting. However, as to any other business which may properly come before the meeting, it is intended that proxies, in the form enclosed, will be voted in respect thereof in accordance with the judgment of the persons voting such proxies, where the authorization to do so has been granted.

DATED: Melville, New York, May 2, 2018April 9, 2021

A COPY OF THE COMPANY'S FORM 10-K REPORT FOR FISCAL YEAR 20172020 CONTAINING INFORMATION ON OPERATIONS, FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, IS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. PLEASE WRITE TO:

INVESTOR RELATIONS DEPARTMENT

FONAR CORPORATION

110 MARCUS DRIVE

MELVILLE, NEW YORK 11747

FONAR CORPORATION

Proxy - Annual Meeting of Stockholders

June 11, 201815, 2020, 10:00 AM

THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The undersigned, a stockholder of Fonar Corporation (the "Company"), hereby revoking any proxy heretofore given, does hereby appoint Raymond V. Damadian, Luciano Bonanni, Daniel Culver and Ellen Yeske, and each of them, proxies with full power of substitution, for and in the name of the undersigned to attend the Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of the Company to be held at the Double Tree Hotel, Wilmington Downtown, 700 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware on June 11, 201815, 2020, at 10:00 a.m., local time, and at any adjournment(s) thereof, and there to vote upon all matters specified in the notice of said meeting, as set forth herein, and upon such other business as may properly and lawfully come before the meeting, all shares of stock of the Company which the undersigned would be entitled to vote if personally present at said meeting.

THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN BY THE UNDERSIGNED STOCKHOLDER. IF NO DIRECTION IS GIVEN, SUCH SHARES WILL BE VOTED FOR ALL PROPOSALS.

The Board of Directors Recommends you vote forFOR the following:

No. 1. Election of Directors

INSTRUCTION: To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark "FOR ALL EXCEPT" and circle or cross out the name(s) of those nominee(s).

01 - Raymond V. Damadian, 02 - Claudette J. V. Chan, 03 - Robert J. Janoff,Charles N. O'Data,

04 - Charles N. O'Data,Ronald G. Lehman, 05 – Ronald G. LehmanRichard E. Turk

The Board of Directors recommends you vote for proposals 2, 3 and 3:4:

No. 2. On an advisory basis, to approve the executive compensation.

No. 3. To ratify the selection of Marcum LLP as the Company's independent auditors for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.2021.

No. 4. In their discretion, the Proxies are authorized to vote upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

__________________________________ _______________________

Signature Date

__________________________________ _______________________

Signature (Joint owners) Date

Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon or on your stock certificate(s). When signing as an attorney, executor, proxy, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation, please sign in full corporate name, by an authorized officer. If a partnership, limited liability company or other entity, please sign in the company’s name by an authorized person, indicating your capacity.

ANNUAL REPORT

2020

FONAR CHAIRMAN’S LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS

May 20182021

Dear Shareholders:

At this time last year we were a few months into one of the most formidable crises Americans have ever faced. The COVID-19 virus was killing thousands, tumbling financial markets and wreaking economic and social havoc across the country. It affected our business as well, causing an immediate decrease in FONAR Service Revenue and HMCA Management Fees. Since March of 2020, predictions as to how long the pandemic would last kept changing. For many, the fact that we are still dealing with this pandemic has been surprising.

While coping with COVID-19 was extremely challenging for us in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2020, we remained profitable and have since continued to steadily recover. I am pleasedgrateful to report that as of December 31, 2017,2020, FONAR posted 3143 consecutive quarters of positive net income and positive income from operations. Thanks to the development and the ever-increasing availability of COVID-19 vaccines, and barring any unforeseen variants of the virus, we expect to soon be fully recovered and back on the path of increasing revenue and profits.

On June 26, 2017, FONAR was included in the broad-market Russell 3000® Indexes, which has increased the Company’smembership in related index funds and ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds), allowing mutual funds, institutions, and the investing community greater visibility of FONAR and helping to build shareholder value. As of December 31, 2017, total institutional and mutual fund ownership in FONAR stock (FONR on NASDAQ Capital Markets) stood at 62%, up from 51% the year before. A substantial, even growing, percentage of institutional and mutual fund ownership, together with the company’s steady growth in revenue and income, has significantly contributed to the value and unprecedented stability of FONAR stock.* HMCA 

FONAR’s primary source

FONAR introduced the world’s first MRI scanner in 1980. At first, the Company grew solely by selling and servicing its ever-innovative line of income and growth has been attributableMRI products. But eventually, in response to years of struggling with financial uncertainties that accompanied an erratic MRI equipment sales market, FONAR, in 1997, expanded by forming its diagnostic imaging management subsidiary, Health Management Company of America (HMCA), to provide the company’sCompany with a steady and reliable source of revenue. Because FONAR had by that time been working with hundreds of customers for nearly 20 years, most of them independent MRI business owners, we were very familiar with how they managed their businesses – warts and all. That experience made our expansion into the diagnostic imaging management subsidiary. Eight years ago, HMCA was managing 9 MRI facilities (6 in New Yorkbusiness a natural one. By observing which of their methods, practices and 3 in Florida) that had completed 29,000 MRI scans in calendar 2009. At that point my son, Tim, returnedstrategies worked and which ones didn’t, we were ideally positioned to FONAR withdevelop a business plan that would eventually result in HMCA becoming the company’s leading source of his own design aimed at growing HMCA by increasing scan volume at existing HMCA-managed facilities, establishing de novo centers,revenue and making key acquisitions. With FONAR management’s enthusiastic endorsement of his plan, Tim assembled an experienced management team that, under his leadership, has since faithfully executed the plan, thereby delivering consistent and unprecedented profitability for FONAR shareholders. Today, HMCA manages 26 diagnostic imaging centers (19 in New York and 7 in Florida) equipped with 34 MRI scanners that completed 170,000 MRI scans in calendar 2017, as compared to 160,000 in 2016. Twenty-four of the 26 centers are equipped with FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRIs. Tim was named President and Chief Executive Officer of FONAR on February 11, 2016.profit.

About HMCAMy son, Timothy R. Damadian, who is currently President and CEO of FONAR, joined FONAR in 2010. At that time, scan volume at HMCA-managed facilities was 29,000 (calendar 2009) and Total Revenues-Net was $31.8 million (fiscal 2010). Tim immediately assembled a management team comprised of individuals he had previously worked with for many years who had proven to be trustworthy and successful in managing and growing MRI scanning center businesses. Together they launched a growth strategy based upon the ever-growing appeal among patients and their physicians of our FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI, also known as the STAND-UP® MRI.

In the late 1990’s, MRI equipment sales were, for a variety of reasons, erratic, which made it very difficult to manage the companyThe growth strategy was and plan for its future. By then we had been working with FONAR MRI customers and prospective buyers for nearly 20 years and, as a result, had become very familiar with the day-to-day operations of independent MRI scanning centers. We saw what worked and we saw what didn’t work. Having acquired that know-how, coupled with our expertise in MRI technology, it was logical for us to expand into the business of providing non-medical management services for MRI scanning facilities. Hence in 1997, FONAR established the subsidiary now known as Health Management Company of America (HMCA). It was expected that the relative certainty of reliable management fee payments would make FONAR less vulnerable to the uncertainties of the MRI equipment sales market. Thankfully, it has done just that. In fact, HMCA has since emerged as the company’s leading source of revenue and profit.

•      The HMCA Business Plan

HMCA continues to adhere to its business plan ofbe three-pronged: 1) Grow by increasing scan volume at existing facilities, establishingsites by applying proven marketing techniques and providing outstanding service to patients and their physicians. 2) Acquire or establish de novo centers,sites in locations that would enhance or expand our existing networks. We find such locations by conducting thorough demographic studies, identifying the primary major medical insurance carriers in the region, and making acquisitions.evaluating the competitive landscape. 3) Install additional MRI scanners at sites in need of reducing patient backlog and/or sites that would benefit from expanded MRI services to their referral bases. Vertical growth, by adding a second or even a third MRI to a busy site, is very cost effective. Aside from the expense of the added equipment, the only other major costs are those associated with the additional space needed to house the equipment and a minimal increase in staff to accommodate the increase in patient volume.

 •      Increasing Scan Volume at Existing CentersThe Effect of COVID-19 on Fiscal 2020 

Diagnostic imaging providers acrossFor the country continually face ever-decreasing reimbursement ratesfirst eight months of payers of all kinds, including Medicare, Medicaid, Workers’ Compensation and many commercial insurance carriers. HMCA has coped by successfully controlling expenses and increasingfiscal 2020, total scan volume at HMCA-managed sites was 5% higher than it was in the first eight months of fiscal 2019. Then in March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached our shores. Deemed essential businesses, HMCA-managed sites were permitted to remain open to serve patients in need of outpatient medical care. For the safety of employees and patients, we immediately implemented sanitary procedures at FONAR headquarters and at all HMCA-managed sites and acquired additional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) needed for protection from the virus. Where possible, headquarter employees worked from their homes. 

Patient volume at medical offices in regions where HMCA sites are located dropped precipitously. Since medical offices are the sole source of referrals to diagnostic imaging centers, scan volumes at the HMCA-managed sites plummeted as well. In fact, total MRI scan volume at HMCA-managed sites in April of 2020 was less than half of what it had been just a couple of months before. Management responded quickly, effectively and responsibly by improving marketing strategies, changing center management personnelshortening the sites’ business hours and reducing staff by either cutting work hours or by furloughing where necessary, enhancing customer service,possible.

While the effects of COVID-19 were financially damaging to the Company in the third quarter, and increasing awarenesseven more so in the last quarter of fiscal 2020, we are both grateful and proud to have remained profitable throughout, posting Total Revenue-Net of $85.7 million in fiscal 2020, just 2% less than that of the features and benefitsprior year.

HMCA continues to recover. With scan volume steadily trending upwards since April of FONAR technology among physicians and2020, we have since posted profits in the general public.

first two quarters of fiscal 2021.  •      De Novo CentersAs of December 31, 2020 we were at approximately 90% of our pre-COVID-19 scan volume. Today

The company’s most recent de novo center, Stand-UpHMCA manages 39 MRI of Great Neck, opened in February 2016 in Great Neck, New York.

 •      Acquisitions

The Company’s most notable acquisition was completed in March of 2013, when we acquired the majority interest in a limited liability company that brought the number of HMCA-managed centers from eleven (11) to twenty five (25).

We continue to conduct demographic studies in search of de novo locations and/or acquisition opportunitiesscanners: 25 in New York and 14 in Florida.

Recent HMCA Expansion

In spite of the delays caused by the pandemic, HMCA installed a second MRI scanner at the Ormond Beach, Florida that are compatible with our business plansite in October 2019; the first of what will be a two-MRI facility in Pembroke Pines, Florida in July 2020; a second MRI in Islandia, New York in October 2020; and would add quickly and significantly to net revenues and profit.a second MRI in White Plains, New York in January 2021. In March 2021, we acquired a Stand-Up MRI scanning center in Yonkers, New York.

About* FONAR

FONAR, Thethe Inventor of MR Scanning™, located in Melville, NY, was incorporated in 1978 and is the first, oldest and most experienced MRI company in the industry. FONAR introduced the world'sworld’s first commercial MRI in 1980, and1980. We went public in 1981. The Company, which has1981 and have installed over 400 MRIs all over the world, continuesworld. Located in Melville, New York, we continue to manufacture, sell, service, and upgrade FONAR scanners.

      •      The FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI

FONAR'sOur signature product is the FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI (also known as the STAND-UP® MRI),. The success of HMCA is largely attributable to this unique product for two primary reasons:

First, it is the only whole-body MRI that performs Position™ imagingPosition Imaging™ (pMRI™) and, which means it scans patients in numerous weight-bearing positions, i.e. standing, sitting, in flexion and extension, as well as in the conventional lie-down position. The FONAR UPRIGHT® MRI often detects patient problems that other MRI scanners cannot because they are “lie-down-only”, or "weightless-only" scanners. Weight-bearing MRI enables more complete diagnoses in comparison to “weightless” MRIs. In fact, the FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI has detected problems that were underestimated or missed entirely on “weightless-only” MRI scanners, particularly scans of the spine. That is very important because most MRI scans performed are of the spine. With the UPRIGHT® MRI’s powerits ability to “see it all,” the benefits of this unique scanner continue to gain traction in the medical community because the UPRIGHT® MRI provides referring physicians the means to achieve better outcomes for their patients. Most MRI studies are of the spine, and it is widely reported that about 80% of adults experience low back pain at some point in their lifetimes. This explains why the UPRIGHT® MRI has gained traction in the medical community.

  •Second, a significant portion of the patient population seeks to avoid or flatly refuses to have their MRI exams in a claustrophobia-inducing “tunnel” or “tube” MRI, which is typical of most MRIs. The Patient-Friendly™ MRI

There is another very important aspectcomfort and openness of the UPRIGHT® MRI. It isMRI make it the Patient-Friendly™ MRI. Our scanner is very appealing to patients and also to referring physicians who want to accommodate patients of theirs who are fearful of or cannot tolerate confining, conventional MRI scanners. To their relief, the UPRIGHT® MRI allows most patients to be scanned while sitting and watching a claim most strongly supported by its near-zero claustrophobic rejection rate by patients. In fact, approximately 85% of patients are scanned sitting while watchingwide-screen TV.

The unique diagnostic benefitsFONAR users have, for years, benefitted substantially from these highly-prized features and, since the design of the FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI along with its enormous popularity among patients, contribute significantly to success enjoyedremains patent-protected by FONAR, users everywhere.

we will continue to enjoy this competitive advantage in the future.

   •FONAR’s Ongoing Research and Development

MRI has brought a new dimension to MEDICAL TREATMENT, the power to VISUALIZE ANATOMIC DETAIL in the body's VITAL SOFT TISSUES (brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, lungs, pancreas, intestines) plus MRI's new power to non-invasively QUANTIFY (e.g. measure T1, T2, diffusion, chemical spectra) the response of these VITAL TISSUES to treatment.

FONAR’s R&D team continues to pursue new MRI innovations and provide hardware and software upgrades for existing customers.

The Company has new works-in-progress technology for visualizing and quantifyingRegarding our research efforts, over the cerebral hydraulicspast few years we have been making cines (movies) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as it flows up and down the neck and around the brain. Thanks to the UPRIGHT® MRI’s ability to scan patients in weight-bearing positions as well as in the recumbent, non-weight-bearing position, we are finding significant postural differences in CSF flow. These differences may provide clues which will enable physicians to find solutions to a variety of unsolved medical problems and the power to quantify the degree to which the impaired CSF flow responsible for the patients’ symptoms has been rectified by the patient’s surgical and non-surgical CCJ (Cranio-Cervical Junction) treatment. Currently, our research is focused on quantifying CSF flow and the velocity at which it navigates through the neck and head. We’ve been able to use this quantitative CSF data collected from asymptomatic patients to identify the degree to which CSF flow impairment is responsible for the patient’s symptoms and the degree to which the patient’s surgical or non-surgical CCJ treatment has restored the patient’s critical brain and central nervous system,symptom’s physiology to normal.

This important research of the flowimaging and quantifying of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which flow as it circulates from the brain, down the spine and throughout the brain, and vertebral column at the rate of 32 quarts per day. This imaging and quantifyingI believe, is research that will lead to a new understanding of the dynamicsrole of CSF physiology for the neurodegenerative diseases Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and childhood autism. In Fiscal 2021, the Company will continue with this vital life-sustaining physiologyvaluable research made possible by the introduction of the body’s neurologic systemFonar’s UPRIGHT® MRI imaging technology.

50th Birthday of MRI

March 9, 2021 was a very special day for me as well as for FONAR employees, HMCA employees, FONAR users, FONAR stockholders, Nasdaq, family and friends, as it has been 50 years since my discovery of MRI was published in the scientific journal Science on March 19, 1971. In celebration, FONAR had the honor of ringing the Nasdaq closing bell on March 9, 2021. Due to COVID-19, it was a virtual ceremony that could be viewed via a Nasdaq-provided live-stream link. Excerpts from FONAR’s March 9, 2021 press release follow:

FONAR To Ring The Nasdaq Stock Market Closing Bell, As It

Celebrates 50th Birthday of MRI

MELVILLE, NEW YORK, March 9, 2021 - FONAR Corporation (NASDAQ-FONR), The Inventor of MR Scanning™, will ring the Nasdaq Stock Market Closing Bell on March 9, 2021. Nasdaq and FONAR selected this day as it is 50 years since the discovery of MRI by Raymond V. Damadian, M.D., FONAR’s founder and chairman, was published in the widely-read, peer-reviewed scientific journal Science on March 19, 1971.*

Dr. Damadian said, “I got my first idea for MRI in 1969, and in 1970 made possible first by FONAR’s introductionthe discovery that is the basis for the making of every MRI image ever produced and the foundation of the MRI and now by this latest works-in-progress method for quantifying CSFindustry. This discovery is that there is a marked difference in all the normal positionsrelaxation time of the NMR (MRI) signals between normal and cancerous tissues of the same type, as well as between different types of normal tissues. This discovery, published in the peer-reviewed journal ‘Science,’ marked the beginning of the MRI industry.”

The discovery resulted in the generation of the pronounced pixel contrast that was deficient in traditional medical imaging technology (x-ray, CT, 4%) and was needed for adequate visualization of the body's vital organs and assessment of their well-being. The pixel contrast provided by MRI imaging was raised to 131%. As reported in edubilla.com: “But without this discovery of the profound sensitivity of the relaxation time to different tissue types and malignant tissue THERE WOULD BE NO PICTURE AT ALL.”

Prior to this 1971 article in the journal Science, there was no realization that existing NMR test tube technology could be transformed into a scanner of the live human body. Soon scientists around the world began researching the discovery.

Dr. Damadian’s discovery, as reported in Science 1971, soon led to the first patent in MRI.** In 1977, with his two post doctorate students, Lawrence Minkoff, Ph.D., and Michael Goldsmith. Ph.D., he went on to make the world’s first MRI scanner.

Dr. Minkoff recalled the preparations for the world’s first MRI scan. He said: “Dr. Damadian agreed to be the first to go into a huge magnetic field and have resonating radio frequencies directed at his body particularlyand specifically the area around his heart. This was a risk as no one in its upright flow against gravity. Patients with whiplash orthe world to our knowledge had done this before. So the first time, a cardiologist was on hand to help if there was a problem. Unfortunately, the scan did not work. It was later determined that the coil needed further development. So, finally on the evening of July 2, we were able to get an NMR (MRI) signal from my chest. With this successful achievement we were then able to proceed and make the world’s first MRI image of a live human being.”

Dr. Damadian began FONAR, the world’s first dedicated MRI Company, in 1978, and the Company installed the world’s first commercial MRI in 1980. In 1981 FONAR became a NASDAQ-listed company. The Company, today, is at the Nasdaq Stock Market Closing Bell Ceremony delightedly celebrating the 50th anniversary of the birth of MRI.

* R. Damadian, “Tumor Detection by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,”Science, Volume 171, pp.1151-1153. This paper was referenced by other neck injuriesScientist-Authors in the field so frequently that it was recognized as a ‘Citation Classic’ by the Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, PA, whose mission it is to monitor scientific citations

** U.S. Patent #3,789,832, “Apparatus and Method for Detecting Cancer in Tissue,” (1974) that patented the relaxation differences and their use in medical scanning. It was acknowledged and enforced by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1997. There are among those who will benefit from this new understanding.currently more than 4,500 patents on MRI issued by the U.S. Patent Office.

 •      FONAR Patents* Conclusion

Our continuing success, even in the face of a world-wide pandemic, is a testament to FONAR technology and the skillful management of our diagnostic imaging management subsidiary, HMCA. I fully expect that FONAR will remain on the path of steady growth and profitability for years to come.

I am grateful to our stockholders, customers and employees for their loyal support. It’s been 50 years since my discovery that makes MRI scanning possible, yet to this day MRI remains the premier diagnostic imaging modality. Considering we live in a time bursting with technological advancements, it is remarkable that over the course of the past five decades, no new technology has emerged in the field of medical imaging to surpass or even rival the effectiveness and ever-expanding utility of the MRI scanner. That’s something we can all be proud of.

Sincerely,

Raymond V. Damadian

Chairman and Founder

FONAR continues to faithfully protect its substantial and ever-growing patent portfolio. Among them are recent patents for its technology enabling full weight-bearing MRI imaging of all the gravity sensitive regions of the human anatomy, especially the brain, extremities and spine. It includes its newest technology for measuring the Upright cerebral hydraulics of the central nervous system. FONAR’s UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI is the only scanner licensed under these patents.Corporation

1

      •      FONAR Celebrates the 40th Anniversary of the World’s First MRI Picture

In January of 1976, my two post-graduate students, Lawrence Minkoff, Ph.D. and Michael Goldsmith, Ph.D., and I began construction of the first-ever human-sized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner at the research lab in SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY. This first MRI scanner, which we named Indomitable, is now at the Smithsonian Institution.

I had first proposed MR scanning of the human body in my paper "Tumor Detection by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance" (Science, March 19, 1971). That paper reported that there are dramatic differences in the characteristic NMR (MRI) parameters, known as T1 and T2, between healthy and cancerous tissues, as well as between the healthy tissues themselves. It is precisely these tissue NMR signal differences that provide the exceptional picture element contrast, PIXEL CONTRAST (IMAGE DETAIL), of the body’svital soft tissue organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, stomach, spleen, intestine, pancreas) that had been missing and restricting conventional medical x-ray imaging and limiting its ability to visualize critical detail in medical images for the better part of a century. These newly discovered tissue-sensitive NMR signal parameters, T1 and T2, now provide today’s MRI scanners with the exceptional image detail MRI is known for. (1895- Roentgen’s introduction of medical x-ray imaging)

So, after many years of research, my moment of truth began late on July 2, 1977 when Larry entered Indomitable. The whole-body scan of his chest was completed at 4:45 A.M. on July 3, 1977.

What I am most grateful for is that the MRI scanner is now found throughout the world, with over 20,000 installed world-wide and over 60 million MRI examinations being performed each year. I am sincerely grateful for the blessing that has enabled FONAR to help so many people.

CONCLUSION

Thanks to the extraordinary benefits and appeal of our unique, patent-protected product, the FONAR UPRIGHT® Multi-Position™ MRI, together with our remarkably successful management subsidiary (HMCA), FONAR has hit its stride.

FONAR is already well known for its lengthy history of MRI innovations. Now that FONAR has finally settled into a steady rhythm of growth and profitability, the Company is well positioned and eager to continue its tradition of advancing MRI technology and increasing shareholder value.

As always, I remain grateful to our stockholders, customers and employees for their loyal support.

Sincerely,

/s/Raymond V. Damadian

Raymond V. Damadian

Chairman

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_____________________

FORM 10-K

_____________________

[X][X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017

2020

OR

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File No. 0-10248

___________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $.0001 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes _________ No __X____X__.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes _________ No __X____X__.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ___X_____X__ No _______

_____.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ___X______X__ No ___________.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers, pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K, §229.405 of this Chapter, is not contained, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this 10-K or any amendment to the Form 10-K. [X].

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ________; Accelerated filer X

____; Non-accelerated filer ____ __X__ ;

Smaller reporting company __X__ ; Emerging Growth Company _____.

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes _______ No __X___X__ .

The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates as of December 30, 201631, 2019 based on the closing price of $19.15$19.69 per share on such date as reported on the NASDAQ System, was approximately $114$123 million. The other outstanding classes do not have a readily determinable market value.

As of September 14, 2017, 6,287,51115, 2020, 6,447,463 shares of Common Stock, 146 shares of Class B Common Stock, 382,513 shares of Class C Common Stock and 313,438 shares of Class A Non-voting Preferred Stock of the registrant were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-K ITEMS

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

GENERAL

Fonar Corporation, sometimes referred to as the "Company" or "Fonar", is a Delaware corporation which was incorporated on July 17, 1978. Our address is 110 Marcus Drive, Melville, New York 11747 and our telephone number is 631-694-2929. Fonar also maintains a website at www.fonar.com. Fonar provides copies of its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and amendments to these reports to stockholders on request.

We conduct our business in two segments. Our medical equipment segment is conducted directly through Fonar. Our physician management and diagnostic services segment is conducted through our subsidiary Health Diagnostic Management, Company of AmericaLLC (“HMCA”), also called Health Diagnostics Management LLC.Company of America. HMCA provides management services, administrative services, billing and collection services, credentialing services, contract negotiations, compliance consulting, purchasing, IT services, hiring, conducting interviews and managing personnel, storage of medical records, office space, equipment, repair, maintenance service, and clerical and other non-medical personnel to medical providers engaged in diagnostic imaging. In addition to acting as a management company, HMCA owns and operates four diagnostic imaging facilities in Florida, where the corporate practice of medicine is permitted.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We restructured the corporate organization of our physician and diagnostic services management segment of our business effective July 1, 2015. Imperial Management Services, LLC (“Imperial”), a subsidiary which owned the assets used in the business of its parent, Health Management Corporation of America (which is wholly-owned by Fonar), transferred those assets to Health Diagnostics Management, LLC (“HDM”), which is another subsidiary of Health Management Corporation of America. As a result, going forward our physician and diagnostic management business will be conducted entirely through HDM, which is operating under the assumed name Health Management Company of America.

Fonar is engaged in the business of designing, manufacturing, selling and servicing magnetic resonance imaging scanners, also referred to as "MRI" or "MR" scanners, which utilize MRI technology for the detection and diagnosis of human disease, abnormalities, other medical conditions and injuries. Fonar’s founders built the first MRI scanner in 1977 and Fonar introduced the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980. Fonar is also the originator of the iron-core non-superconductive and permanent magnet MRI technology.

Fonar’s iron frame technology made Fonar the originator of "open" MRI scanners. We introduced the first "open" MRI in 1980. Since that time we have concentrated on further application of our “open” MRI, introducing most recently the Upright® Multi-Position™” MRI scanner (also referred to as the “Upright®” or “Stand-Up®” MRI scanner) and the Fonar 360™ MRI scanner. The Fonar 360™ MRI is not presently being marketed.

See Note 1716 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for separate financial information regarding our medical equipment and physician and diagnostic management services segments.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS.

Certain statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are

"forward-looking "forward-looking statements", within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, regarding the plans and objectives of Management for future operations. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving the expansion of business. These assumptions involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that our assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in our forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved.

Among the risks and assumptions which must now be taken into account is the COVID-19 virus, which adds additional uncertainties to future expectations. Although the impact will be negative, the severity, duration and potential recurrence of the virus adds a new and uncharted dimension to the uncertainties facing our business and the world economy in general.

THE UPRIGHT® MRI SCANNER

The Upright® MRI scanner is the product we are presently promoting. The Upright® MRI (also known as the “Stand-Up® MRI”) is a “whole-body” MRI, meaning it can be used to scan any part of the body. Unlike conventional recumbent MRI scanners, the Upright® MRI permits MRI diagnosesscans to be made in the weight-bearing state. The Upright® MRI allows patients to be scanned while standing, sitting, bending or lying down. This means that an abnormality or injury, such as a slipped disk, may be scanned in a weight-bearing posture, which more often than not is the position in which patients experience pain. An adjustable bed allows patients to stand, sit or lie on their backs, sides or stomachs. The Upright® MRI is by design a non-claustrophobic MRI scanner. We have introduced the name “Upright®” as an alternative to “Stand-Up®” because of the multiplicity of positions in which the patient may be scanned where the patient is not standing.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

As of June 30, 2020, HMCA manages a total of 2635 MRI scanning facilities, four of which are owned by subsidiaries of HMCA. Seventeen facilitiesscanners. Twenty-two (22) MRI scanners are located in New York and seventhirteen (13) which are located in Florida. (The four facilities owned by HMCA subsidiaries are in Florida, where the corporate practice of medicine is permitted.) Twenty-five facilities are equipped with Upright® MRI scanners. We believe that the utilization of Fonar Upright®UPRIGHT® MRI scanning systems which are produced under the protection of our patents, have been a significant factor in the increased patient volume of the scanning facilities.facilities and our ability to begin our recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a new facility managed by the Company has been opened the first quarter of fiscal 2021 in Pembroke Pines, Florida and a total of three additional MRI scanners are to be added in New York.

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT SEGMENT

PRODUCTS

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Fonar Upright® MRI is a weight-bearing whole-body open MRI system which enables positional MRI (pMRI®) applications. Operating at a magnetic field strength of 0.6 Tesla, the scanner is a powerful, diagnostically versatile and cost-effective open MRI that provides a broad range of clinical capabilities and a complete set of imaging protocols. Patients can be scanned standing, bending, sitting, upright at an intermediate angle and in the conventional recumbent position. This multi-positional MRI system accommodates an unrestricted range of motion for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation studies of the cervical (upper) and lumbar (lower) spine. Previously difficult patient scanning positions can be achieved and compared using the system’s MRI-compatible, three-dimensional, motorized patient handling system. The system’s lift and tilt functions deliver the targeted anatomical region to the center of the magnet. True image orientation is assured, regardless of the rotation angle, via computer read-back of the table’s position.

There is considerable evidence that the weight-bearing Upright® MRI provides medical benefits not duplicated by any other MRI scanner because patient positioning plays a critical role in detecting clinically significant pathology.

For instance, the Fonar Upright® technology has demonstrated its key value on patients with the Arnold-Chiari Syndrome, which is believed to affect 200,000 to 500,000 Americans. In this syndrome, brain stem compression and subsequent severe neurological symptoms occur in these patients, when because of weakness in the support tissues within the skull, the brain stem descends and is compressed and entrapped at the base of the skull in the foramen magnum, which is the circular bony opening at the base of the skull where the spinal cord exits the skull. The brain structures “entrapped” in Chiari Syndrome are the lowest lying structures of the brain, the tonsils of the cerebellum. The Chiari Syndrome is therefore alternately named Cerebellar Tonsillar Ectopia (CTE) indicating the displacement (ectopia) of these Cerebellar tonsils in this syndrome. Classic symptoms of the Chiari Syndrome include the “drop attack,” where the patient unexpectedly experiences an explosive rush or nervous discharge at the base of the brain which rushes down the body to the extremities, causing the patient to collapse in a temporary neuromuscular paralysis; this subsides when the patient is lying down. Conventional lie-down MRI scanners cannot make an adequate evaluation of the pathology since the patient’s pathology is most visible and the symptoms are most acute when the patient is scanned in the upright weight-bearing position.

A publication in the Journal “Brain Injury” (Brain Injury 2010, 24 (7-8) 988-994) of 1,200 neck pain patients reported that the fallen cerebellar tonsils of the brain (CTE) were missed 75% of the time when the patient was scanned only in the recumbent position. It is critical to have an image of the patient in an upright position so that the neurosurgeons can fully evaluate the extent of the brain stem and choose the most appropriate surgical approach for the operative repair.

The study was published by 10 authors from distinguished universities in the United States and around the world. The study reported that Cerebellar Tonsillar Ectopia Herniation (CTE) was missed 75% of the time when the patient was scanned lying down instead of upright. At the current rate of 1,000,000 automobile whiplash injuries in the U.S. per year, 600,000 patients each year would have the pathology responsible for their symptoms go undetected if they were examined solely in a conventional recumbent-only MRI.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Upright® MRI has also demonstrated its value for patients suffering from scoliosis. Scoliosis patients have been typically subjected to routine x-ray exams for years and must be imaged upright for an adequate evaluation of their scoliosis. Because the patient must be standing for the exam, an x-ray machine has been the only modality that could provide that service. The Upright® MRI is the only MRI scanner that allows the patient to stand during the MRI exam. Fonar has developed a new RF receiver and scanning protocol that for the first time allows scoliosis patients to obtain diagnostic pictures of their spines without the risks of x-rays. A study by the National Cancer Institute (2000) of 5,466 women with scoliosis reported a 70% increase in breast cancer resulting from 24.7 chest x-rays these patients received on the average in the course of their scoliosis treatment.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Other important new applications are Upright® imaging of the pelvic floor and abdomen to image prolapses and inguinal hernias. Fonar has also developed the first non-invasive method to image the prostate: the patient simply sits on a flat, seat-like coil.

The Upright® MRI is also the world’s most non-claustrophobic whole-body MRI scanner. PatientsFrequently, patients can simply walk into the magnet, stand or sit for their scans and then walk out. Any site with a Fonar Upright® MRI scanner is capable of providing Open Sky® MRI scanning services. The magnet’s front-open and top-open design provides an unprecedented degree of comfort because there is nothing in front of the patient’s face except a large (42”) flat-screen TV that is mounted on the wall. The default position for the bed is a tilt back of six degrees that minimizes patient motion. Special RF receiver coil fixtures, a patient seat, Velcro straps, and transpolar stabilizing bars are also used to keep the patient comfortable and motionless throughout the scanning process.

Full-range-of-motion studies of the joints in a multiple of directions are possible, an especially promisinguseful feature for sports injuries. Full range of motion cines, or movies, of the lumbar spine can also be achieved under full body weight.

Fonar created the high-field open MRI market segment. The Fonar Upright® MRI operates at a significantly higher magnetic field strength than the 0.2-0.35 Tesla open MRIs that preceded it, and, therefore, benefits from more of the MRI image-producing signal needed to make high-quality MRI images.

Fonar maximizes image quality through an optimal combination of image signal to noise (S/N) and contrast-to noise (C/N) ratios. Technical improvements incorporated into the scanner design include increased image processing speed, high-S/N Organ Specific(TM) RF receiver coils, high performance front-end electronics featuring high-speed, wide-dynamic-range analog-to-digital conversion and a miniaturized ultra-low-noise pre-amplifier, high-speed automatic tuning, bandwidth-optimized pulse sequences, multi-bandwidth sequences, and off-center FOV imaging capability.

In addition to the signal-to-noise ratio, however, a major determinant of image quality that must be considered is contrast, the quality that enables reading physicians to clearly distinguish adjacent, and sometimes minute, anatomical structures from their surroundings. This quality is measured by contrast-to-noise ratios (C/N). Unlike S/N, which increases with increasing field strength, relaxometry studies have shown that C/N peaks in the mid-field range and actually falls off precipitously at higher field strengths. The Upright® MRI scanners operate squarely in the optimum C/N range.

FONAR’s scanners are equipped with a variety of software features which enhance versatility and diagnostic capability. For example, SMART™ scanning allows for same-scan customization of multi-slice scans, each slice with its own thickness, resolution, angle and position. This is an important feature for scanning parts of the body that include small-structure sub-regions requiring finer slice parameters. There is also Multi-Angle Oblique™ (MAO) imaging, and oblique imaging.

During fiscal 2017,2020, sales of our Upright® MRI scanners accounted for approximately 0.9%0.1% of our total revenues and 6.4%1.1% of our medical equipment revenues, as compared to 1.1%0.8% of total revenues and 7.7% of medical equipment revenues in fiscal 2016, and 2.3% of our total revenues and 14.1% of medical equipment revenues in fiscal 2015.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES2019.

FONAR’s principal selling, marketing and advertising efforts with respect to its products have been focused on the Upright® MRI, which we believe is a particularly unique product, beingproduct. It is the only MRI scanner which is both open and allows for weight-bearing imaging. We expect to continue our focus on the Upright® MRI in the immediate future.

The materials and components used in the manufacture of our products (circuit boards, computer hardware components, electrical components, steel and plastic) are generally available at competitive prices. We have not had difficulty acquiring such materials.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

PRODUCT MARKETING

The principal markets for the Company's scanners are private diagnostic imaging centers and hospitals.

We use internal and independent manufacturer’s representatives for domestic and foreign markets. None of Fonar’s competitors are entitled to make the Fonar Upright® MRI scanner.

Fonar’s Website includes interactive product information for interested customers.

During fiscal 2017,2018, foreign sales were made to customers in the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. CEO Matthias Schulz of Medserena, Fonar’s principal foreign sales representative and distributor, has said, “The large number of requests coming from our physicians in Germany are arising because of the special medical need for FONAR’s unique technology. This is in spite of an intensely active MRI market in Germany, where there are already many conventional lie-down MRIs installed.” Medserena also has further expanded its market toin the United Kingdom with the opening of a Fonar Upright® MRI scanner in London.Manchester, England.

Fonar’s marketing strategy has been designed to reach key purchasing decision makers with information concerning the Upright® MRI. This has led to many inquiries and to some sales of the Upright® MRI scanner and is intended to increase Fonar’s presence in the medical market. Fonar focuses on four target audiences: neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists and physicians in general.

1) Neurosurgeons and Orthopaedic Surgeons: These are the surgeons who can most benefit from the superior diagnostic benefits of the Fonar Upright® MRI with its Multi-Position® MRI diagnostic ability.

2) Radiologists: These physicians can now offer a new Multi-Position®, weight-bearing MRI modality to their referring physicians.

3) All Physicians: The vast number of doctors who send patients for MRI’s need to be aware of the diagnostic advantages of the Fonar Upright® Multi-Position™.

Our advertising for Fonar and HMCA re-enforces the unique value provided by Fonar MRI scanners. We have increased internet awareness of our product by driving patient traffic to the Upright® scanning centers we manage via the Fonar website (www.fonar.com) as well as by creating Websites for each HMCA location. These websites give prospective customers of Upright® MRI scanners a view of operating Upright® MRI centers and highlight the benefits of using an Upright® MRI scanner. The success of HMCA-managed sites not only increases management fees to HMCA but encourages new sales for Fonar as well. A complete list of the sites managed by HMCA can be found at HMCA’s website, hmca.com.

Our marketing efforts, however, have been compromised by the COVID-19 panademic and economic challenges felt worldwide as a result.

SERVICE AND UPGRADES FOR MRI SCANNERS

Our customer base of installed scanners has been and will continue to be an additional source of income, independent of direct sales.

Income is generated from the installed base in two principal areas, namely, service and upgrades. Service and maintenance revenues from our external installed base were approximately $9.5$8.3 million in fiscal 20162019 and $9.6$8.2 million in fiscal 2017.2020. Our objective is to maintain service revenues at present levels or better, based on the longevity of the technology, and the refurbishments and upgrades which keep the scanners competitive with the latest techniques.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We also anticipate that our scanners will result in upgrades income in future fiscal years. The potential for upgrades income, originates in the versatility and productivity of the Upright® Imaging technology. New medical uses for MRI technology are constantly being discovered and are anticipated for the Upright® Imaging technology as well. New features can often be added to the scanner by the implementation of little more than versatile new software packages, which when coupled with hardware upgrades can add years of useful life to the scanner.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017,2020, we incurred expenditures of $1,480,670,$2,025,376, none of which were capitalized, on research and development, as compared to $1,631,846,$1,812.347, none of which were capitalized, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016.2019.

Research and development activities have focused principally on software improvements to the user interface of the MRI scanner. The Windows-based Sympulse™ platform controls all of the functions of the UPRIGHT®Upright® scanner except those of the versatile, multi-position patient table. Separate, dedicated, motion-control software is used to maneuver the UPRIGHT®Upright® bed, and development of this software is ongoing as well.

While software improvements to the user interface are important in their own right, significant value is added to the MRI scanner by the modification of existing protocols for examining various parts of the body, and the development of new protocols that utilize new underlying capabilities of the pulse sequence software. Over time, FONAR users have become accustomed to the steady improvement in the recommended clinical protocols that accompany new software releases. More significantly, in recent years we have seen increasing adoption of FONAR-recommended clinical protocols over those developed on site. This is a testament to the superior image quality they produce in attractively short scan times.

The development of clinically practical scan protocols and software depends on close contact between research and development scientists and engineers, and end users. That close contact is facilitated in part by the relationship with HMCA and the scanning centers. In addition to that collaboration, R&D staff have pursued a variety of novel and Upright® MRI-specific research projects. It is anticipated that these will ultimately lead to new applications that are made available to existing customers as upgrade add-ons to their machines. For example, phase-contrast imaging techniques originally developed for angiography have recently been applied to cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) flow. Analysis of CSF flow in upright and recumbent postures may prove to be of significant value in the evaluation of a variety of disorders.

BACKLOG

Our backlog of unfilled orders at September 13, 201715, 2020 was approximately $735,000,$457,000, as compared to $1.7 million$788,000 at September 9, 2016.13, 2019. It is expected that the existing backlog of orders will be filled within the 20182021 fiscal year.

PATENTS AND LICENSESLICENSE

We currently have numerous patents in effect which relate to the technology and components of our MRI scanners. We believe that these patents, and the know-how we have developed, are material to our business.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

One of our patents, issued in the name of Dr. Damadian and licensed to Fonar, was United States patent No. 3,789,832, Apparatus and Method for Detecting Cancer in Tissue, also referred to in this report as the "1974 Patent". The 1974 Patent was the first MRI patent issued by the United States Patent Office. The development of our MRI scanners has been based upon the 1974 Patent, and we believe that the 1974 Patent was the first of its kind to utilize MR to scan the human body and to detect cancer. The 1974 Patent was extended beyond its original 17-year term and expired in February, 1992.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We have significantly enhanced our patent position within the industry and now possessespossess a substantial patent portfolio which provides us, under the aegis of United States patent law, "the exclusive right to make, use and sell" many of the scanner features which Fonar pioneered and which are now incorporated in most MRI scanners sold by the industry. As of June 30, 2017, 2012020, 215 patents had been issued to Fonar, and approximately 2014 patents were pending. A number of Fonar’s existing patents specifically relate to protecting Fonar’s position in the Upright MRI market. The patents further enhance Dr. Damadian's pioneer patent, the 1974 Patent, that initiated the MRI industry and provided the original invention of MRI scanning. The terms of the patents in Fonar’s portfolio extend to various times.

We also have patent cross-licensing agreements with other MRI manufacturers. We have not licensed, however, any technology relating to Upright® MRI scanning.

PRODUCT COMPETITION

MRI SCANNERS

MRI takes advantage of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal elicited from the body's tissues and the exceptional sensitivity of this signal for detecting disease discovered by Fonar. Much of the serious disease of the body occurs in the soft tissue of vital organs. The maximum contrast available by x-ray with which to discriminate disease is 4%. Brain cancers differ from surrounding healthy brain by only 1.6% while the contrast in the brain by MRI is 25 times greater at 40%. X-ray contrasts among the body’s soft tissues are maximally 4%. Their contrast by MRI is 32.5 times greater (130%).

The soft tissue contrasts with which to distinguish cancers on images by MRI are up to 180%. In the case of cancer these contrasts can be even more marked making cancers readily visible and detectable anywhere in the body. This is because the nuclear resonance signals from the body's normal soft tissue vital organs, as discovered in the original publication that founded MRI, differ so dramatically from each other (e.g. small intestine 257 milliseconds, brain 595 milliseconds). Liver cancer and healthy liver signals differ by 180% for example.

A majority of the MRI scanners in use in hospitals and outpatient facilities and at mobile sites in the United States are based on high field (1.5 - 3.0 Tesla) air core superconducting magnet technology.

The remainder, described as Open MRIs, are recumbent-only machines based on Fonar’s original iron-frame vertical magnetic field magnet design. These systems have been manufactured and sold by many of our largest competitors over the years. They generally operate at low field strengths (0.2 - 0.35 Tesla). Their prevalence in the marketplavemarketplace has led to the perception of the medical community that Open MRIs are useful only for anxious and claustrophobic patients, that the Open MRI’s image quality is poor, and that the scan times are long. Recently our competitors have introduced higher field strength Open MRI products (0.5 – 1.2 Tesla). Significantly better imaging performance (especially at 1.2 T) compared to the low field strength systems, is beginning to change that perception. However, Fonar continues to maintain its competitive advantage at 0.6 Tesla due to our front-open non-claustrophobic configuration in which there is nothing in front of the patient’s face, and our unique ability to scan patients in weight-bearing positions that is sometimes more consequential than a small increase in the image resolution and decrease in scan time. It is also noteworthy that our horizontal transaxial magnetic field allows the Upright MRI, in contrast to the recumbent-only Open MRIs, to use the same flat planar-style radiofrequency reeiverreceiver coil as the high-field MRI systems to image the lumbar and thoracic spine.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

One of the Upright MRI’s big competitive advantages is that it is dramatically different from the Open MRI in several important ways:

The Upright MRI does something clinically valuable that the high-field MRI machines cannot do (i.e. positional imaging, weight-bearing imaging).

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Although the patient can extend his arms and possibly see out the sides while recumbent in an Open MRI, there is still a large intimidating magnet pole very close to and directly in front of the patient’s face. The Upright MRI allows the patient to look directly out of the scanner and view a large flatscreen TV.

The Upright MRI uses the same configuration RF receiver coil as a high-field MRI system to image the spine. Open MRIs cannot do this. (This is because of the rule in MRI that the axis of symmetry of the RF receiver coil should be perpendicular to the direction of the main magnetic field). The upright patient sits comfortably with his back against a flat (“planar”) RF receiver coil in our horizontal transaxial magnetic field. In contrast, the vertical magnetic field in the recumbent-only Open MRI precludes the use of this type of receiver coil.

Relative to the high-field systems, the Upright MRI has two major competitive advantages:

Sometimes patient positioning is more consequential than a small increase in the image resolution and decrease in the scan time. As it is critical for physicians to not “miss” anything in the images, they recognize that the position-dependent pathology visualized with the Upright MRI will be invisible (“missed”) if their patients are scanned at a higher field strength.

Image artifacts arising from metal implants such as surgical screws are diminished with the 0.6 Tesla Upright MRI compared to those from the high-field MRIs. It is well known that such artifacts get smaller as the MRI magnet’s field strength is reduced, so the anatomy adjacent to implanted hardware will be less obscured with the Upright MRI. This is particularly valuable for surgeons referring their postoperative patients for diagnostic imaging studies.

Fonar faces competition within the MRI industry from such firms as General Electric Company, Philips N.V., Toshiba Corporation, Hitachi Corporation and Siemens A.G. Most competitors have marketing and financial resources more substantial than those available to us. They have in the past, and may in the future, heavily discount the sales price of their scanners. Such competitors sell both high field air core superconducting MRI scanners and iron frame products. Fonar’s original iron frame design, ultimately imitated by Fonar’s competitors to duplicate Fonar’s origination of “Open” MRI magnets, gave rise to current patent protected Upright® MRI technology with the result that Fonar today is the unique and only supplier of the highest field MRI magnets (0.6 Tesla) that are not superconducting, do not use liquid helium and are not therefore susceptible to severe consequences and downtime cause by a system quench.

The iron frame, because it controls the magnetic lines of force and places them where wanted and removes them from where not wanted, provides a more versatile magnet design than is possible with air core magnets. Air core magnets contain no iron but consist entirely of turns of current carrying wire.

Fonar expects to be the leader in weight-bearing and positional MRI for providing dynamic visualization of body parts including the spine and extremities.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES

Fonar’s MRI scanners also compete with other diagnostic imaging systems, all of which are based upon the ability of energy waves to penetrate human tissue and to be detected by either photographic film or electronic devices for presentation of an image on a display monitor. Three different kinds of energy waves - X-ray, gamma and sound - are used in medical imaging techniques which compete with MRI medical scanning, the first two of which involve exposing the patient to potentially harmful radiation. These other imaging modalities compete with MRI products on the basis of specific applications.

X-rays are the most common energy source used in imaging the body and are employed in three imaging modalities:

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

1. Conventional X-ray systems, the oldest method of imaging, are typically used to image bones and teeth. The image resolution of adjacent structures that have high contrast, such as bone adjacent to soft tissue, is excellent, while the discrimination between soft tissue organs is poor because of the nearly equivalent penetration of x-rays.

2. Computerized Tomography, also referred to as "CT", systems couple computers to x-ray instruments to produce cross-sectional images of particular large organs or areas of the body. The CT scanner addresses the need for images, not available by conventional radiography, that display anatomic relationships spatially. However, CT images are generally limited to the transverse plane and cannot readily be obtained in the two other planes, sagittal and coronal. Improved picture resolution is available at the expense of increased exposure to x-rays from multiple projections. Furthermore, the pictures obtained by this method are computer reconstructions of a series of projections and, once diseased tissue has been detected, CT scanning cannot be focused for more detailed pictorial analysis or obtain a chemical analysis.

3. Digital radiography systems add computer image processing capability to conventional x-ray systems. Digital radiography can be used in a number of diagnostic procedures which provide continuous imaging of a particular area with enhanced image quality and reduced patient exposure to radiation.

Nuclear medicine systems, which are based upon the detection of gamma radiation generated by radioactive pharmaceuticals introduced into the body, are used to provide information concerning soft tissue and internal body organs and particularly to examine organ function over time.

Ultrasound systems emit, detect and process high frequency sound waves reflected from organ boundaries and tissue interfaces to generate images of soft tissue and internal body organs. Although the images are substantially less detailed than those obtainable with x-ray methods, ultrasound is generally considered harmless and therefore has found particular use in imaging the pregnant uterus.

X-ray machines, ultrasound machines, digital radiography systems and nuclear medicine compete with the MRI scanners by offering significantly lower price and space requirements. However, Fonar believes that the utility of the images produced by its MRI scanners is generally superior to the utility of the images produced by those other methodologies.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FDA Regulation

The Food and Drug Administration in accordance with Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations regulates the manufacturing and marketing of Fonar’s MRI scanners. The regulations can be classified as either pre-market or post-market. The pre-market requirements include obtaining marketing clearance, proper device labeling, establishment registration and device listing. Once the products are on the market, Fonar must comply with post-market surveillance controls. These requirements include the Quality Systems Regulation, or “QSR”, also known as Current Good Manufacturing Practices or CGMPs, and Medical Device Reporting, also referred to as MDR regulations. The QSR is a quality assurance requirement that covers the design, packaging, labeling and manufacturing of a medical device. The MDR regulation is an adverse event-reporting program.

Classes of Products

Under the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, all medical devices are classified by the FDA into one of three classes. A Class I device is subject only to general controls, such as labeling requirements and manufacturing practices; a Class II device must comply with certain performance standards established by the FDA; and a Class III device must obtain pre-market approval from the FDA prior to commercial marketing. Fonar’s products are Class II devices. Class II devices are subject to "General Controls"; General Controls include:

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

1. Establishment registration of companies which are required to register under 21 CFR Part 807.20, such as manufacturers, distributors, re-packagers and re-labelers.

2. Medical device listing with FDA of devices to be marketed.

3. Manufacturing devices in accordance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practices Quality System Regulation in 21 CFR Part 820.

4. Labeling devices in accordance with labeling regulations in 21 CFR Part 801 or 809.

5. Submission of a Premarket Notification, pursuant to 510(k), before marketing a device.

In addition to complying with general controls, Class II devices are also subject to special controls. Special controls may include special labeling requirements, guidance documents, mandatory performance standards and post-market surveillance.

On October 3, 2000 Fonar received FDA clearance for the Upright® MRI under the name “Indomitable”.

Premarketing Submission

Each person who wants to market Class I, II and some III devices intended for human use in the U.S. must submit a 510(k) to FDA at least 90 days before marketing unless the device is exempt from 510(k) requirements. A 510(k) is a pre-marketing submission made to FDA to demonstrate that the device to be marketed is as safe and effective, that is, substantially equivalent, SE, to a legally marketed device that is not subject to pre-market approval, PMA. Applicants must compare their 510(k) device to one or more similar devices currently on the U.S. market and make and support their substantial equivalency claims.

The FDA is committed to a 90-day clearance after submission of a 510(k), provided the 510(k) is complete and there is no need to submit additional information or data.

The 510(k) is essentially a brief statement and description of the product. As Fonar’s scanner products are Class II products, there are no pre-market data requirements.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

An investigational device exemption, also referred to as IDE, allows the investigational device to be used in a clinical study pending FDA clearance in order to collect safety and effectiveness data required to support the Premarket Approval, also referred to as PMA, application or a Premarket Notification pursuant to 510(k), submission to the FDA. Clinical studies are most often conducted to support a PMA.

For the most part, however, we have not found it necessary to utilize IDE’s. The standard 90 day clearance for our new MRI scanner products classified as Class II products makes the IDE unnecessary, particularly in view of the time and effort involved in compiling the information necessary to support an IDE.

Quality System Regulation

The Quality Management System is applicable to the design, manufacture, administration of installation and servicing of magnetic resonance imaging scanner systems. The FDA has authority to conduct detailed inspections of manufacturing plants, to establish Good Manufacturing Practices which must be followed in the manufacture of medical devices, to require periodic reporting of product defects and to prohibit the exportation of medical devices that do not comply with the law.

Medical Device Reporting Regulation

Manufacturers must report all MDR reportable events to the FDA. Each manufacturer must review and evaluate all complaints to determine whether the complaint represents an event which is required to be reported to FDA. Section 820.3(b) of the Quality Systems regulation defines a complaint as, "any written, electronic or oral communication that alleges deficiencies related to the identity, quality, durability, reliability, safety, effectiveness, or performance of a device after it is released for distribution."

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A report is required when a manufacturer becomes aware of information that reasonably suggests that one of their marketed devices has or may have caused or contributed to a death, serious injury, or has malfunctioned and that the device or a similar device marketed by the manufacturer would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur.

Malfunctions are not reportable if they are not likely to result in a death, serious injury or other significant adverse event experience.

A malfunction which is or can be corrected during routine service or device maintenance still must be reported if the recurrence of the malfunction is likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur.

We have established and maintained written procedures for implementation of the MDR regulation. These procedures include internal systems that:

provide for timely and effective identification, communication and evaluation of adverse events;

provide a standardized review process and procedures for determining whether or not an event is reportable; and

provide procedures to insure the timely transmission of complete reports.

These procedures also include documentation and record keeping requirements for:

information that was evaluated to determine if an event was reportable;

all medical device reports and information submitted to the FDA;

any information that was evaluated during preparation of annual certification reports; and

systems that ensure access to information that facilitates timely follow up and inspection by FDA.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FDA Enforcement

FDA may take the following actions to enforce the MDR regulation:

FDA-Initiated or Voluntary Recalls

Recalls are regulatory actions that remove a hazardous, potentially hazardous, or a misbranded product from the marketplace. Recalls are also used to convey additional information to the user concerning the safe use of the product. Either FDA or the manufacturer can initiate recalls.

There are three classifications, i.e., I, II, or III, assigned by the Food and Drug Administration to a particular product recall to indicate the relative degree of health hazard presented by the product being recalled.

Class I

Is a situation in which there is a reasonable probability that the use of, or exposure to, a violative product will cause serious adverse health consequences or death.

Class II

Is a situation in which use of, or exposure to, a violative product may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences or where the probability of serious adverse health consequences is remote.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Class III

Is a situation in which use of, or exposure to, a violative product is not likely to cause adverse health consequences.

Fonar has initiated six voluntary recalls. Five of the recalls were Class II and one was Class III. The recalls involved making minor corrections to the product in the field. Frequently, corrections which are made at the site of the device are called field corrections as opposed to recalls.

Civil Money Penalties

The FDA, after an appropriate hearing, may impose civil money penalties for violations of the FD&C Act that relate to medical devices. In determining the amount of a civil penalty, FDA will take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violations, the violator's ability to pay, the effect on the violator's ability to continue to do business, and any history of prior violations.

Warning Letters

FDA issues written communications to a firm, indicating that the firm may incur more severe sanctions if the violations described in the letter are not corrected. Warning letters are issued to cause prompt correction of violations that pose a hazard to health or that involve economic deception. The FDA generally issues the letters before pursuing more severe sanctions.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Seizure

A seizure is a civil court action against a specific quantity of goods which enables the FDA to remove these goods from commercial channels. After seizure, no one may tamper with the goods except by permission of the court. The court usually gives the owner or claimant of the seized merchandise approximately 30 days to decide a course of action. If they take no action, the court will recommend disposal of the goods. If the owner decides to contest the government's charges, the court will schedule the case for trial. A third option allows the owner of the goods to request permission of the court to bring the goods into compliance with the law. The owner of the goods is required to provide a bond or, security deposit, to assure that they will perform the orders of the court, and the owner must pay for FDA supervision of any activities by the company to bring the goods into compliance.

Citation

A citation is a formal warning to a firm of intent to prosecute the firm if violations of the FD&C Act are not corrected. It provides the firm an opportunity to convince FDA not to prosecute.

Injunction

An injunction is a civil action filed by FDA against an individual or company. Usually, FDA files an injunction to stop a company from continuing to manufacture, package or distribute products that are in violation of the law.

Prosecution

Prosecution is a criminal action filed by FDA against a company or individual charging violation of the law for past practices.

Foreign and Export Regulation

We obtain approvals as necessary in connection with the sales of our products in foreign countries. In some cases, FDA approval has been sufficient for foreign sales as well. Our standard practice has been to require either the distributor or the customer to obtain any such foreign approvals or licenses which may be required.

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Legally marketed devices that comply with the requirements of the Food Drug & Cosmetic Act require a Certificate to Foreign Government issued by the FDA for export. Other devices that do not meet the requirements of the FD&C Act but comply with the laws of a foreign government require a Certificate of Exportability issued by the FDA. All products which we sell have FDA clearance and would fall into the first category.

Foreign governments have differing requirements concerning the import of medical devices into their respective jurisdictions. The European Union, also referred to as EU, has some essential requirements described in the EU’s Medical Device Directive, also referred to as MDD. In order to export to one of these countries, we must meet the essential requirements of the MDD and any additional requirements of the importing country. The essential requirements are similar to some of the requirements mandated by the FDA. In addition the MDD requires that we enlist a Notified Body to examine and assess our documentation, a Technical Construction File, and verify that the product has been manufactured in conformity with the documentation. The notified body must carry out or arrange for the inspections and tests necessary to verify that the product complies with the essential requirements of the MDD, including safety performance and Electromagnetic Compatibility, also referred to as EMC. Also required is a Quality System, ISO-9001,ISO-13485, assessment by the Notified Body. We were approved for ISO 900113485 certification for its Quality Management System in April, 1999.2003.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We received clearance to sell the Upright® MRI scanners in the EU in May, 2002.

Other countries require that their own testing laboratories perform an evaluation of our devices. This requires that we must bring the foreign agency’s personnel to the USA to perform the evaluation at our expense before exporting.

Some countries, including many in Latin America and Africa, have very few regulatory requirements, beyond FDA clearance.

To date, Fonar has been able to comply with all foreign regulatory requirements applicable to its export sales.

PHYSICIAN AND DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES MANAGEMENT BUSINESS

Effective July 1, 2015 we restructured the corporate organization of the physician and diagnostic services management segment of our business. Previously,In 2011, Health Management Corporation of America had(HMCA) transferred its business and assets to Imperial Managementmanagement Services, LLC (“Imperial”), a New York limited liability company, in connection with raising capital from investors. Health Management Corporation of AmericaHMCA maintained a majority interest in Imperial. The assets continued to be used in our business of managing diagnostic imaging facilities.centers.

Subsequently, throughThrough an agreement dated March 6, 2013, Health Management Corporation of AmericaHMCA acquired another business engaged in the management and, in the case of four sites located in Florida, the ownership, of diagnostic imaging facilities (HMCA did not take over the operation of said four sites, however, until April, 2013).facilities. The purchase of this business was made through a new limited liability company, Health Diagnostics Management, LLC (“HDM”), which raised part of the capital necessary for the acquisition from investors. The investors received in the aggregate 49%49.5% of the interestsinterest in HDM. (HDM did not take over the operation of the four Florida sites until April, 2013.)

On June 30, 2016July 1, 2015, the Company purchased 100%corporate organization was restructured under HDM, with Health Management Corporation of the equity in Turnkey ServicesAmerica owning 45.8%, Imperial owning 24.2%, and investors owning 30% of New York, LLC and 100% of the equity in TK2 Equipment Management LLC. Turnkey Service of New York LLC and TK2 Equipment Management LLC, both by way of several operating leases, had provided the Company with ancillary diagnostic imaging equipment to our managed (and in the case of four Florida sites, owned)MRI facilities.HDM.

As a result of scheduled reacquisitionsre-acquisitions of interestsinterest held by the investors as of July 1, 2016, HDM is owned by Health Management Corporation of America owned a 100% interest in Imperial(70%) and a 70% interest in HDM immediately prior to the reorganization.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESinvestors (30%).

The reorganization was structured to more completely integrate the operations of Health Management Corporation of America and HDM. Imperial contributed all of its assets (which were utilized in the business of Health Management Corporation of America) to HDM and received a 24.2% interest in HDM. Health Management Corporation of America retained a direct ownership interest of 45.8% in HDM, and the original investors in HDM retained a 30.0% ownership interest in the newly expanded HDM.

The entire physician and diagnostic services management business segment is now being conducted by HDM. HDM’s Florida subsidiaries are directly engaged in the practice of medicine. HDM will operateoperates under the assumed name “Health Management Company of America” (“HMCA”).

The combined business (HDM, Imperial and Health Management Corporation of America) will be referred to as “HMCA” for all periods before and after July 1, 2015, unless otherwise indicated.

HMCA provides comprehensive non-medical management services to diagnostic imaging facilities. These services include development, administration, leasing of office space, facilities, equipment, provision of supplies, staffing,administrative services, billing and collection services, credentialing services, contract negotiations, compliance consulting, purchasing IT services, hiring, conducting interviews, training, supervision and supervisionmanagement of non-medical personnel, credentialing,storage of medical records, office space, equipment, repair maintenance services, accounting, billing and collection, assistance with compliance matters and the development and implementation of practice growth and marketing strategies.

As of August 1, 2017,June 30, 2020, HMCA managed a total of 2635 MRI centers.scanners of which twenty-two (22) scanners are located in New York and 13 scanners are located in Florida. For the 20162020 fiscal year, the revenues HMCA recognized from the MRI facilities had increased to $62.6has remained constant at $77.2 million, and for the 20172020 and 2019 fiscal year the revenues further increased to $66.8 million.years. Four of thesethe facilities in Florida are owned by HMCA subsidiaries.subsidiaries, where the corporate practice of medicine is permitted.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We believe the utilization of FONAR Upright® MRI scanning systems, which are produced under the protection of our patents, accounts for the historically robust patient volume at the scanning facilities and, most recently, our steady recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. During fiscal 2020, a second MRI scanner was installed in the second quarter at our Ormond Beach, Florida facility and a new HMCA-owned facility was installed in the first quarter of 2021 in Pembroke Pines, Florida.

HMCA GROWTH STRATEGY

HMCA’s growth strategy focuses on upgrading and expanding the existing facilities it manages and expanding the number of facilities it manages for its clients, including new sites. In connection with improving the performance of the facilities, we have added high field MRI scanners, extremity scanners and x-ray machines to the Upright® MRI scanner at certain of the sites where such additional diagnostic imaging modalities are expected to produce the greatest return.

PHYSICIAN AND DIAGNOSTIC MANAGEMENT SERVICES

HMCA’s services to the facilities it manages encompass substantially all of their business operations. Each facility is controlled, however, not by HMCA, but by the physician owner, or in the case of the four Florida sites owned by HMCA subsidiaries, by the medical director, and all medical services are performed by physicians and other medical personnel under the physician-owner’s supervision. HMCA is the management company and performs services of a non-professionalnon-medical nature. These services include:

1. Offices and Equipment. HMCA identifies, negotiates leases for and/or provides office space and equipment to its clients. This includes technologically sophisticated medical equipment. HMCA also provides improvements to leaseholds, assistance in site selection and advice on improving, updating, expanding and adapting to new technology.

2. Personnel. HMCA staffs all the non-medical positions of its clients with its own employees, eliminating the client's need to interview, train and manage non-medical employees. HMCA processes the necessary tax, insurance and other documentation relating to employees.

3. Administrative. HMCA assists in the scheduling of patient appointments, purchasing of office and medical supplies and equipment and handling of reporting, accounting, processing and filing systems. It prepares and files the physician portions of complex applications to enable its clients to participate in managed care programs and to qualify for insurance reimbursement. HMCA assists the clients to implement programs and procedures to ensure full and timely regulatory compliance and appropriate cost reimbursement under no-fault insurance and Workers' Compensation guidelines, as well as compliance with other applicable governmental requirements and regulations, including HIPAA and other privacy requirements.

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4. Billing and Collections. HMCA is responsible for the billing and collection of revenues from third-party payors including those governed by No-Fault and Workers' Compensation statutes. HMCA is presently using a third party to perform its billing and collection services for its clients’ No-Fault and Workers’ Compensation scanning business.

5. Cost Saving Programs. Based on available volume discounts, HMCA seeks to assist in obtaining favorable pricing for office and medical supplies, medical imaging film, equipment, contrast agents, such as gadolinuim, and magnavist and other inventory for its clients.

6. Diagnostic Imaging and Ancillary Services. HMCA can offer access to diagnostic imaging equipment through diagnostic imaging facilities it manages. The Company is expanding the ancillary services offered in its network to include x-rays, ultrasound and other MRI equipment such as high-field (1.5 or 3.0 Tesla magnet strength) MRI scanners and extremity MRI scanners.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

7. Marketing Strategies. HMCA is responsible for developing and proposing marketing plans for its clients.

8. Expansion Plans. HMCA assists the clients in developing expansion plans including the opening of new or replacement facilities where appropriate.

HMCA’s objective is to free physicians from as many non-medical duties as is practicable, allowing physicians to spend less time on business and administrative matters and more time practicing medicine.

The exceptions to this general model of operation are four of the facilities acquired by HMCA from Health Diagnostics, LLC in April, 2013 in Florida. These Florida facilities are owned by limited liability companies which, as our subsidiaries, conduct their operations directly and bill and collect their fees from the patients and third party payors.

The facilities enter into contracts with third party payors, including managed care companies. None of HMCA’s clients, however, participate in any capitated plans or other risk sharing arrangements. Capitated plans are those HMO programs where the provider is paid a flat monthly fee per patient.

The management fees payable by the facilities to HMCA are flat monthly fees. In fiscal 2016,2019, the aggregate amount of management fees was $3,674,059$4,389,498 per month. In fiscal 2017,2020, the aggregate amount of management fees was $3,926,536$4,530,422 per month.

Fees under the management agreements are subject to adjustment by mutual agreement on an annual basis.

Dr. Damadian owns three HMCA-managed MRI facilities in Florida. The fees for these three sites in Florida owned by Dr. Damadian are flat monthly fees which are subject to adjustment by mutual agreement on an annual basis. In fiscal 2017,2020, the aggregate monthly amount of management fees payable to HMCA by these sites was $735,374.$897,745

The Florida facilities owned by HMCA subsidiaries directly bill their patients or the patients’ insurance carriers. Patient fees net of provision for bad debt were $20,229,166$22,495,260 in fiscal 2017.2020.

HMCA contracts with an outside billing company (located in Melville, New York) to perform billing and collection for their clients’ No-Fault and Workers’ Compensation business. The fixed monthly fees were $85,000 for HMCA in fiscal 20162019 and fiscal 2017.2020. The Company also entered into a one year renewable agreement to provide IT services to the billing company for a monthly fee of $23,884.

HMCA MARKETING

HMCA's marketing strategy is to expand the business and improve the facilities which it manages. HMCA is seeking to increase the number of locations of those facilities where market conditions are promising and to promote growth of our clients' and Florida subsidiaries’ patient volume and revenue.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING FACILITIES

Diagnostic imaging facilities managed by HMCA provide diagnostic imaging services to patients referred by physicians who are either in private practice or affiliated with managed care providers or other payor groups.physicians. The facilities are operated in a manner which eliminates the admission and other administrative inconveniences of in-hospital diagnostic imaging services. Imaging services are performed in an outpatient setting by trained medical technologists under the direction of physicians. Following diagnostic procedures, the images are reviewed by the interpreting physicians who prepare reports of these tests and their findings. ReportsThe vast majority of reports for the New York facilities are transcribed by HMCA personnel and reportsthe remainder are outsourced to professional transcription services. Reports for the Florida facilities are outsourced to independent contractors.professional transcription services.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

HMCA develops marketing programs and educational programs in an effort to establish and maintain referring physician relationships for our clients and Florida subsidiaries and to maximize reimbursement yields. HMCA also directs its marketing and educational efforts to managed care providers.subsidiaries.

Managed care providers are an important factor in the diagnostic imaging industry. To further its position, HMCA is seeking to expand the imaging modalities offered at its managed and owned diagnostic imaging facilities. Three facilities in New York and foursix facilities in Florida have two or more MRI scanners. One facility in New York and two in Florida also perform x-rays.X-rays. During Fiscal 2020, a second MRI was installed at our Ormond Beach, Florida facility and a new HMCA facility became operational in Pembroke Pines, Florida.

REIMBURSEMENT

HMCA’s clients receive reimbursements for their services through Medicare, Medicaid, managed care, private commercial insurance, third party administrators, Workers’ Compensation, No-Fault and other insurance.

Medicare

The Medicare program provides reimbursement for hospitalization, physician, diagnostic and certain other services to eligible persons 65 years of age and over and certain other individuals. Providers are paid by the federal government in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services, HSS, and generally accept the payment with nominal deductible and co-insurance amounts required to be paid by the service recipient, as payment in full. Hospital inpatient services are reimbursed under a prospective payment system. Hospitals receive a specific prospective payment for inpatient treatment services based upon the diagnosis of the patient.

Under Medicare’s prospective payment system for hospital outpatient services, or OPPS, a hospital is paid for outpatient services on a rate per service basis that varies according to the ambulatory payment classification group, or APC, to which the service is assigned rather than on a hospital’s costs. Each year the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, publishes new APC rates that are determined in accordance with the promulgated methodology.

Services provided in non-hospital based freestanding facilities are paid under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, or MPFS. All of HMCA’s clients are presently in this category. The MPFS is updated on an annual basis and sometimes modified more frequently.

Healthcare Reform Legislation

Healthcare reform legislation enacted in the first quarter of 2010 by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or PPACA, specifically requires the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, in computing physician practice expense relative value units, to increase the equipment utilization factor for advanced diagnostic imaging services (such as MRI, CT and PET) from a presumed utilization rate of 50% to 65% for 2010 through 2012, 70% in 2013, and 75% thereafter. Excluded from the adjustment are low-technology imaging modalities such as ultrasound, X-ray and fluoroscopy. The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (H.R. 4872) or Reconciliation Act, which was approved by the President on March 30, 2010, amends the provision for higher presumed utilization of advanced diagnostic imaging services to a presumed rate of 75%. These changes may result in decreased revenue for the services performed by our clients for Medicare beneficiaries. Other changes in reimbursement for services rendered by Medicare Advantage plans may also reduce the revenues for services rendered to Medicare Advantage enrollees

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We have experienced reimbursement reductions for radiology services provided to Medicare beneficiaries, including reductions pursuant to the Deficit Reduction Act, or DRA.

The DRA, which became effective in 2007, set reimbursement for the technical component for imaging services (excluding diagnostic and screening mammography) in non-hospital based freestanding facilities at the lesser of OPPS or the MPFS.

In addition to the foregoing changes to the usage assumptions, CMS’ 2010 regulatory changes to the MPFS also included a downward adjustment to services primarily involving the technical component rather than the physician work component, by adjusting downward malpractice payments for these services. These adjustments have been phased in over a four year period. For our fiscal year ended June 30, 2017,2020, Medicare revenues represented approximately 4.8%3.8% of the revenues for HMCA’s clients and subsidiaries as compared to 5.0%4.0% for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016.2019. In January, 2014 additional reductions in Medicare reimbursement were adopted, and New York State is expected to propose reducing Workers’ Compensation reimbursements.

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Medicaid

The Medicaid program is a jointly-funded federal and state program providing coverage for low-income persons. In addition to federally-mandated basic services, the services offered and reimbursement methods vary from state to state. In many states, Medicaid reimbursement is patterned after the Medicare program; however, an increasing number of states have established or are establishing payment methodologies intended to provide healthcare services to Medicaid patients through managed care arrangements. In fiscal 2017,2020, approximately 0.19%0.07% of the revenues of HMCA’s clients were attributable to Medicaid, as compared to 0.37%0.13% in fiscal 2016.2019. Four of the Florida facilities (those owned by HMCA subsidiaries) do not participate in Medicaid.

Managed Care and Private Insurance.

Health Maintenance Organizations, or HMO’s, Preferred Provider Organizations, or PPOs, and other managed care organizations attempt to control the cost of healthcare services by a variety of measures, including imposing lower payment rates, preauthorization requirements, limiting services and mandating less costly treatment alternatives. Managed care contracting is competitive and reimbursement schedules arein many cases can be at or below Medicare reimbursement levels. Some managed care organizations have reduced or otherwise limited, and other managed care organizations may reduce or otherwise limit, reimbursement in response to reductions in government reimbursement. These reductions could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. These reductions have been, and any future reductions may be, similar to the reimbursement reductions proposed by CMS, Congress and the current federal government administration.

HMCA COMPETITION

The physician and diagnostic management services field is highly competitive. A number of large hospitals have acquired medical practices and this trend may continue. HMCA expects that more competition will develop. Many competitors have greater financial and other resources than HMCA.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

With respect to the diagnostic imaging facilities managed by HMCA, the outpatient diagnostic imaging industry is highly competitive. Competition focuses primarily on attracting physician referrals at the local market level and increasing referrals through relationships with managed care organizations, as well as emphasizing to potential referral sources the advantages of Upright® MRI scanning. HMCA believes that principal competitors for the diagnostic imaging centers are hospitals and independent or management company-owned imaging centers. Competitive factors include quality and timeliness of test results, ability to develop and maintain relationships with managed care organizations and referring physicians, type and quality of equipment, facility location, convenience of scheduling and availability of patient appointment times. HMCA believes that it will be able to effectively meet the competition in the outpatient diagnostic imaging industry with the Fonar Upright® MRI scanners and strategically placed high field MRI scanners at its facilities.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION APPLICABLE TO HMCA

FEDERAL REGULATION

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and changes in laws and regulations can be significant. Changes in the law or new interpretation of existing laws can have a material effect on our permissible activities, the relative costs associated with doing business and the amount of reimbursement by government and other third-party payors.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Federal False Claims Act

The federal False Claims Act and, in particular, the False Claims Act’s “qui tam” or “whistleblower” provisions allow a private individual to bring actions in the name of the government alleging that a defendant has made false claims for payment from federal funds. After the individual has initiated the lawsuit the government must decide whether to intervene in the lawsuit and to become the primary prosecutor. If the government declines to join the lawsuit, the individual may choose to pursue the case alone, although the government must be kept apprised of the progress of the lawsuit, and may intervene later. Whether or not the federal government intervenes in the case, it will receive the majority of any recovery.

When an entity is determined to have violated the federal False Claims Act, it must pay three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus mandatory civil penalties for each separate false claim and the government’s attorneys’ fees. Liability arises when an entity knowingly submits, or causes someone else to submit, a false claim for reimbursement to the federal government. The False Claims Act defines the term “knowingly” broadly, though simple negligence will not give rise to liability under the False Claims Act. Examples of the other actions which may lead to liability under the False Claims Act:

Failure to comply with the many technical billing requirements applicable to our Medicare and Medicaid business.

Failure to comply with the prohibition against billing for services ordered or supervised by a physician who is excluded from any federal healthcare program, or the prohibition against employing or contracting with any person or entity excluded from any federal

healthcare program.

Failure to comply with the Medicare physician supervision requirements for the services we provide, or the Medicare documentation requirements concerning physician supervision.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 expanded the scope of the False Claims Act by, among other things, broadening protections for whistleblowers and creating liability for knowingly retaining a government overpayment, acting in deliberate ignorance of a government overpayment or acting in reckless disregard of a government overpayment. The recently enacted healthcare reform bills in the form of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, “PPACA”) expanded on changes made by the 2009 Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act with regard to such “reverse false claims.” Under PPACA, the knowing failure to report and return an overpayment within 60 days of identifying the overpayment or by the date a corresponding cost report is due, whichever is later, constitutes a violation of the False Claims Act. HMCA and its clients have never been sued under the False Claims Act and believe they are in compliance with the law.

Stark Law

Under the federal Self-Referral Law, also referred to as the "Stark Law", which is applicable to Medicare and Medicaid patients, and the self-referral laws of various States, certain health practitioners, including physicians, chiropractors and podiatrists, are prohibited from referring their patients for the provision of designated health services, including diagnostic imaging and physical therapy services, to any entity with which they or their immediate family members have a financial relationship, unless the referral fits within one of the specific exceptions in the statutes or regulations. The federal government has taken the position that a violation of the federal Stark Law is also a violation of the Federal False Claims Act. Statutory exceptions under the Stark Law include, among others, direct physician services, in-office ancillary services rendered within a group practice, space and equipment rental and services rendered to enrollees of certain prepaid health plans. Some of these exceptions are also available under the State self-referral laws. HMCA believes that it and its clients are in compliance with these laws.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Anti-kickback Regulation

We are subject to federal and state laws which govern financial and other arrangements between healthcare providers. These include the federal anti-kickback statute which, among other things, prohibits the knowing and willful solicitation, offer, payment or receipt of any remuneration, direct or indirect, in cash or in kind, in return for or to induce the referral of patients for items or services covered by Medicare, Medicaid and certain other governmental health programs. Under PPACA, knowledge of the anti-kickback statute or the specific intent to violate the law is not required. Violation of the anti-kickback statute may result in civil or criminal penalties and exclusion from the Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, and according to PPACA, now provides a basis for liability under the False Claims Act. In addition, it is possible that private parties may file “qui tam” actions based on claims resulting from relationships that violate the anti-kickback statute, seeking significant financial rewards. Many states have enacted similar statutes, which are not limited to items and services paid for under Medicare or a federally funded healthcare program. Neither HMCA nor its clients engage in this practice.

In fiscal 2017,2020, approximately 5.0%3.8% of the revenues of HMCA’s clients were attributable to Medicare and 0.19%0.07% were attributable to Medicaid. In fiscal 2016,2019, approximately 5.0%4.0% of the revenues of HMCA’s clients were attributable to Medicare and 0.37%0.13% were attributable to Medicaid.

Deficit Reduction Act (DRA)

On February 8, 2006, the President signed into law the DRA. Effective January 1, 2007, the DRA provides that Medicare reimbursement for the technical component for imaging services (excluding diagnostic and screening mammography) performed in freestanding facilities will be capped. Payment is the lesser of the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule or the Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS) rates. Implementation of these reimbursement reductions contained in the DRA has had an adverse effect on our business. We have been able to counter this effect by increasing our clients’ scan volumes through our vigorous marketing efforts and reducing our operating expenses.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

The DRA also codified the reduction in reimbursement for multiple images on contiguous body parts previously announced by CMS, the agency responsible for administering the Medicare program. In November 2005, CMS announced that it would pay 100% of the technical component of the higher priced imaging procedure and 50% of the technical component of each additional imaging procedure for imaging procedures involving contiguous body parts within a family of codes when performed in the same session. CMS had indicated that it would phase in this 50% rate reduction over two years, so that the reduction was 25% for each additional imaging procedure in 2006 and another 25% reduction in 2007. However, for services furnished on or after July 1, 2010, the PPACA requires the full 50% reduction to be implemented.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, in part, to combat healthcare fraud and to protect the privacy and security of patients’ individually identifiable healthcare information. HIPAA, among other things, amends existing crimes and criminal penalties for Medicare fraud and enacts new federal healthcare fraud crimes, including actions affecting non-government healthcare benefit program by means of false or fraudulent representations in connection with the delivery of healthcare services is subject to a fine or imprisonment, or potentially both. In addition, HIPAA authorizes the imposition of civil money penalties against entities that employ or enter into contracts with excluded Medicare or Medicaid program participants if such entities provide services to federal health program beneficiaries. A finding of liability under HIPAA could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Further, HIPAA requires healthcare providers and their business associates to maintain the privacy and security of individually identifiable protected health information (“PHI”). HIPAA imposes federal standards for electronic transactions, for the security of electronic health information and for protecting the privacy of PHI. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (“HITECH”), signed into law on February 17, 2009, dramatically expanded, among other things, (1) the scope of HIPAA to now apply directly to “business associates,” or independent contractors who receive or obtain PHI in connection with providing a service to a covered entity, (2) substantive security and privacy obligations, including new federal security breach notification requirements to affected individuals, DHHS and prominent media outlets, of certain breaches of unsecured PHI, (3) restrictions on marketing communications and a prohibition on covered entities or business associates from receiving remuneration in exchange for PHI, and (4) the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed for HIPAA violations, increasing the annual cap in penalties from $25,000 to $1.5 million per occurrence. In 2013 additional legal requirements were adopted to provide further protection for PHI.

In addition, many states have enacted comparable privacy and security statues or regulations that, in some cases, are most stringent than HIPAA requirements. In those cases it may be necessary to modify our operations and procedures to comply with the more stringent state laws, which may entail significant and costly changes for us. We believe that we are in compliance with such state laws and regulations. However, if we fail to comply with applicable state laws and regulations, we could be subject to additional sanctions.

We believe that we are in compliance with the current HIPAA requirements, as amended by HITECH, together with other legislation and regulations, and comparable state laws, but we anticipate that we may encounter certain costs associated with future compliance. Moreover, we cannot guarantee that enforcement agencies or courts will not make interpretations of the HIPAA standards that are inconsistent with ours, or the interpretations of our contracted radiology practices or their affiliated physicians. A finding of liability under the HIPAA standards may result in significant criminal and civil penalties. Noncompliance also may result in exclusion from participation in government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. These actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Civil Money Penalty Law and Other Federal Statutes

The Civil Money Penalty, or CMP, law covers a variety of practices. It provides a means of administrative enforcement of the anti-kickback statute, and prohibits false claims, claims for medically unnecessary services, violations of Medicare participating provider or assignment agreements and other practices. The statute gives the Office of Inspector General of the HHS the power to seek substantial civil fines, exclusion and other sanctions against providers or others who violate the CMP prohibitions.

In addition, in 1996, Congress created a new federal crime: healthcare fraud and false statements relating to healthcare matters. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payors. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from government sponsored programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Certificates of Need

Some states require hospitals and certain other healthcare facilities and providers to obtain a certificate of need, or CON, or similar regulatory approval prior to establishing certain healthcare operations or services, incurring certain capital projects and/or the acquisition of major medical equipment including MRI and PET/CT systems. We are not operating in any such states.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law healthcare reform legislation in the form of PPACA. The implementation of this law will likely have a profound impact on the healthcare industry. Most of the provisions of PPACA are being phased in over time and can be conceptualized as a broad framework not only to provide health insurance coverage to millions of Americans, but to fundamentally change the delivery of care by bringing together elements of health information technology, evidence-based medicine, chronic disease management, medical “homes,” care collaboration and shared financial risk in a way that will accelerate industry adoption and change. There are also many provisions addressing cost containment, reductions of Medicare and other payments and heightened compliance requirements and additional penalties, which will create further challenges for providers. We are unable to predict the full impact of PPACA at this time primarily due to the law’s complexitypresent administration’s efforts to repeal and current lack of implementing regulationsreplace the PPACA, or interpretive guidance. Moving forward, we believe thatto utilize executive action to modify the federal government will likely have greater involvement in the healthcare industry than in prior years.Act’s provisions where possible.

State Regulation

In addition to the federal self-referral law and federal Anti-kickback statute, many States, including those in which HMCA and its clients operate, have their own versions of self-referral and anti-kickback laws. These laws are not limited in their applicability, as are the federal laws, to specific programs. HMCA believes that it and its clients are in compliance with these laws.

Various States prohibit business corporations from practicing medicine. Various States, including New York, also prohibit the sharing of professional fees or fee splitting. Consequently, in New York HMCA leases space and equipment to clients and provides clients with a range of non-medical administrative and managerial services for agreed upon fees. Under Florida law a business entity can bill patients and third party payors directly if that entity is properly licensed through AHCA. FourAll of the seven facilities in Florida are licensed healthcare clinics through AHCA.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

HMCA’s clients and subsidiaries generate revenue from patients covered by no-fault insurance and workers' compensation programs. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 20172020 approximately 54.5%56.7% of our clients’ receipts were from patients covered by no-fault insurance and approximately 8.0%9.11% of our client’s receipts were from patients covered by workers’ compensation programs. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016,2019, approximately 51.6%57.5.% of HMCA’s clients’ receipts were from patients covered by no-fault insurance and approximately 7.8%9.2% of HMCA’s clients’ receipts were from patients covered by workers’ compensation programs. (TheThe foregoing numbers do not include payments from third party administrators).administrators. In the event that changes in these laws alter the fee structures or methods of providing service, or impose additional or different requirements, HMCA could be required to modify its business practices and services in ways that could be more costly to HMCA or in ways that decrease the revenues which HMCA receives from its clients.

Compliance Program

We maintain a program to monitor compliance with federal and state laws and regulations applicable to the healthcare entities. We have aThe compliance officer who is charged with implementing and supervising our compliance program which includes the adoption of (i) Standards of Conduct for our employees and affiliates and (ii) a process that specifies how employees, affiliates and others may report regulatory or ethical concerns to our compliance officer.concerns. We believe that our compliance program meets the relevant standards provided by the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services.

An important part of our compliance program consists of conducting periodic audits of various aspects of our operations and that of the contracted radiology practices. We also conduct mandatoryassist our clients with educational programs designed to familiarize our employeesthem with the regulatory requirements and specific elements of our compliance program.

HMCA believes that it and its clients are in compliance with applicable Federal, State and local laws. HMCA does not believe that such laws will have any adverse material effect on its business.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

EMPLOYEES

Fonar and HMCA had approximately 500424 employees as of AugustSeptember 15, 2017.2020. This total number included 15employees engaged in production, 28 in customer support, 7 in research and development, 5 in information technology, 60employees engaged in marketing and sales, 15 transcriptionists, 35 technologists, 50 in billing and collections,collection, as well as transcriptionists, Florida technologists, field service technicians and 285individuals in various administrative positions. Approximately 300A significant number of employees were employed at the MRI facilities managed or owned by HMCA, primarily in administrative positions.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities is subject to various risks, the most significant of which are summarized below.

1.     Reduced Reimbursement Rates. Most of our revenues are derived from our scanning center business conducted by HCMA. We are experiencing lower reimbursement rates from Medicare, other government programs and private insurance companies. To date, we have been able to counter the impact of these reductions by increasing our volume of scans and reducing our operating expenses, thereby maintaining profitability in this business segment. There is, however, no assurance that we will be able to continue to do so.

2. Demand for MRI Scanners. The reduced reimbursement rates also affects our sales of MRI scanners negatively. With lower revenue projections, fewer prospective customers will be able to operate demand and lower prices for scanners. Although the reduced reimbursements may not affect foreign demand, a lower number of sales in the aggregate could reduce economies of scale and consequently, profit margins.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

3. Manufacturing Competition. Many if not most of our competing scanner manufacturers have significantly greater financial resources, production capacity, and other resources than we do. Such competitors would include General Electric, Siemens, Hitachi and Phillips. Although Fonar is the only company which can manufacture and sell the unique Stand-Up® (Upright®) MRI scanner, potential customers must be convinced that the purchase of a Fonar scanner is their best choice. We believe that with time, that objective will be reached, particularly with customers scanning patients having neck, back, knee and various orthopedic issues who would benefit from being scanned in weight-bearing positions.

4. Dependence on Referrals. HMCA derives substantially all of its revenue, directly or indirectly, from fees charged for the diagnostic imaging services performed at the facilities. We depend on referrals of patients from unaffiliated physicians and other third parties to the facilities we manage or own for the services we perform. If these physicians and other third parties were to reduce the number of patients they refer or discontinue referring patients, scan volumes could decrease, which would reduce our net revenue and operating margins.

5.Pressure to Control Healthcare Costs. One of the principal objectives of health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations is to control the cost of healthcare services. Healthcare providers participating in managed care plans may be required to refer diagnostic imaging tests to certain providers depending on the plan in which a covered patient is enrolled. In addition, managed care contracting has become very competitive. The expansion of health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations and other managed care organizations within New York or Florida could have a negative impact on the utilization and pricing of services performed at the facilities HMCA manages or owns to the extent these organizations exert control over patients’ access to diagnostic imaging services, selections of the provider of such services and reimbursement rates for those services.

6.Scanning Facility Competition. The market for diagnostic imaging services is highly competitive. The facilities we manage or own compete for patients on the basis of reputation, location and the quality of diagnostic imaging services. Groups of radiologists, established hospitals, clinics and other independent organizations that own and operate imaging equipment are the principal competitors.

7. Eligibility Changes to Insurance Programs. Due to potential decreased availability of healthcare through private employers, the number of patients who are uninsured or participate in governmental programs may increase. Healthcare reform legislation will increase the participation of individuals in the Medicaid program in states that elect to participate in the expanded Medicaid coverage. A shift in payor mix from managed care and other private payors to government payors or an increase in the number of uninsured patients may result in a reduction in the rates of reimbursement or an increase in uncollectible receivables or uncompensated care, with a corresponding decrease in net revenue. Changes in the eligibility requirements for governmental programs such as the Medicaid program and state decisions on whether to participate in the expansion of such programs also could increase the number of patients who participate in such programs and the number of uninsured patients. Even for those patients who remain in private insurance plans, changes to those plans could increase patient financial responsibility, resulting in a greater risk of uncollectible receivables. These factors and events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

8. Proposed Reduction of New York Workers’ Compensation Benefits. A proposal was published by the New York State Workers’ Compensation Board (“NYSWCB”) in 2014 to change the fee schedule for Workers’ Compensation payments. Initially, the fees proposed would be set at approximately 130% of the Medicare fees. This would reduce fees for the most commonly billed radiology procedures by approximately 60%. Further, since the Workers’ Compensation fees are coupled with the New York State No Fault Program, radiology providers would suffer similar reductions for No-Fault fees. Although we and the HMCA clients wrote to the NYSWCB to argue against this proposal, and other affected parties commented as well, there can be no assurance that the NYSWCB will withdraw or modify this proposal, or if they elect to do so, the extent to which the NYSWCB would modify their proposal. No further action, however, has been taken by the NYSWCB to advance this proposal for approximately two years. A significant reduction in Workers’ Compensation and No-Fault fees could have a material adverse impact on our business.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

9. Possible changes in Florida Insurance Law. A bill has been introduced into the Florida legislature, whose goal is to eliminate the no-fault system and the requirement that motorists carry personal injury protection, commonly referred to as “PIP”. Currently, drivers and passengers get car damages and PIP, paid for up to $10,000, no matter who is at fault in an accident. Drivers have to pay an additional cost to insurance companies to pay for bodily injuries, which covers them if they are at fault. While PIP is required, coverage for bodily injury is not. The insurance industry is pushing to scrap PIP and instead mandate all motorists to carry coverage that includes a minimum of $25,000 bodily injury if they are at fault. Eliminating PIP would mean that the $10,000 drivers now get paid toward medical costs through their insurers might not be there for them to pay for injured drivers. Importantly, payments would be reduced by approximately 60% due to claims being paid at commercial rates instead of at the presently prevailing PIP fee schedule. This would negatively impact our seven diagnostic imaging facilities (both those we own and those we manage) with more unpaid bills, lower reimbursement rates and elongated waiting times.  

10.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Information security risks have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct our operations, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties, including foreign state agents. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential, proprietary and other information in our computer systems and networks.

11. Changes in Domestic and Worldwide Economic Conditions. We are subject to risk arising from adverse changes in general domestic and global economic conditions, including recession or economic slowdown and disruption of credit markets.

Turbulence and uncertainty in the United States and international markets and economies may adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, revenues, profitability and business operations generally.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Fonar and HMCA currently lease approximately 78,000 square feet of office and plant space at its principal offices in Melville, New York. The term of the lease runs through November, 2026. Management believes that the premises will be adequate for its current needs. HMCA also maintains office space for the Facilities owned by its subsidiaries in Florida and for its clients at the clients’ sites in New York and Florida under leases having various terms. HMCA owns the building for the client’s premises in Tallahassee, Florida. The Company received approval from the Suffolk County IDA on February 29, 2016 of a 50% property tax abatement, valued at $440,000, over a 10 year period commencing January, 2017.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSPROCEEDINGS. There are no material legal proceedings threatened or pending against the Company.

Matt Malek Madison v. Fonar Corporation, United States District Court, Northern District of California, was commenced by plaintiff on August 27, 2007 to recover a down payment for a scanner in the amount of $300,000, with interest. The plaintiff sought costs of suit and attorney’s fees as well. Fonar answered the complaint and sued the plaintiff for breach of contract in the amount of $450,000. Although down payments are usually expressly non-refundable in Fonar’s quotations and agreements, in this case, the quotation contemplated the sale of four scanners, and provided that the deposit would be refundable with interest, if the customer were unable to find suitable locations in the San Francisco Bay area. The issue was whether the customer made a good faith effort to find locations; Fonar’s position was that the customer did not. The case went to trial before a judge; the parties submitted post-trial briefs, and judgment was awarded to the plaintiff. Fonar appealed the trial court’s decision, but on January 31, 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit affirmed the lower court’s decision awarding the plaintiff the $300,000 deposit with prejudgment interest from July 1, 2006. Fonar sought to have the Court of Appeals reconsider the decision en banc, (by all or a larger number of the judges on the Circuit Court of Appeals), but this was not granted. After no action being taken by the plaintiff for several years, on June 30, 2016 Fonar received a letter from plaintiff’s attorney seeking payment of the judgment. The plaintiff has agreed to accept the sum of $300,000 in full satisfaction of the judgment, which amount was paid in October, 2016.

Shapiro v. Fonar Corporation, New York Supreme Court, Suffolk County. Previously, Fonar and Dr. Shapiro had settled an action commenced in Nassau County under the same name. The amount remaining payable under the settlement agreement according to Fonar’s records is $258,400, but the payment and timing of the payment was dependent on obtaining an order for an Upright® MRI Scanner for Fonar and the making of installment payments thereunder by the customer. Briefly stated, the balance of $258,400 was not yet due. Dr. Shapiro claimed that Fonar was in breach of the settlement agreement. Following settlement negotiations, Fonar agreed to pay Dr. Shapiro the sum of $258,400 in installments with interest.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not Applicable

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Our Common Stock is traded in the Nasdaq SmallCap market under the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, also referred to as "NASDAQ", under the symbol FONR. The following table sets forth the high and low trades reported in NASDAQ System for the periods shown.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the annual change in the Company’s cumulative total shareholder return on its Common Stock during a period commencing on June 30, 20122016 and ending on June 30, 20172020 (as measured by dividing (i) the sum of (A) the cumulative amount of dividends for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment and (B) the difference between the Company’s share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period; by (ii) the share price at the beginning of the measurement period) with the cumulative total return of each of: (a) the CRSP Composite Total Return Index for Nasdaq (“Nasdaq”); (b) the CRSP Total Return Index for Nasdaq Medical Equipment Manufacturers (“Nas-MED”); and (c) the CRSP Total Return Index for Nasdaq Healthcare companies (“Nas-Hea.”) during such period, assuming a $100 investment on June 30, 2012.2016. The stock price performance on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

Relative Dollar Values

On September 14, 2017,15, 2020, we had approximately 1,0501,005 stockholders of record of our Common Stock, 10 stockholders of record of our Class B Common Stock, 3 stockholders of record of our Class C Common Stock and 1,1001,131 stockholders of record of our Class A Non-voting Preferred Stock.

At the present time, the only class of our securities for which there is a market is the Common Stock.

We currently have a policy of retaining earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business. We expect to continue this policy for the foreseeable future.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following selected consolidated financial data has been extracted from our consolidated financial statements for the five years ended June 30, 2017.2020. This consolidated selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8 of this form.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.

INTRODUCTION.

Fonar was formed in 1978 to engage in the business of designing, manufacturing and selling MRI scanners. HMCA, a subsidiary of Fonar, provides management services to diagnostic imaging facilities.

Fonar's principal MRI product is its Stand-Up® MRI (also called Upright® MRI) scanner. The Stand-Up® MRI allows patients to be scanned for the first time under weight-bearing conditions. The Stand-Up® MRI is the only MRI capable of producing images in the weight-bearing state.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

At 0.6 Tesla field strength, the Upright® MRI is among the highest field open MRI scanners in the industry, offering non-claustrophobic MRI together with high-field image quality. Fonar’s open MRI scanners were the first high field strength open MRI scanners in the industry.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

HMCA generates revenues from providing comprehensive management services, including development, administration, accounting, billing and collection services, together with office space, medical equipment, supplies and non-medical personnel to its clients. Revenues are in the form of fees which are earned under contracts with HMCA’s clients except for its three Florida subsidiaries which engage in the practice of medicine, and bill and collect fees from patients, insurers and other third party payors directly.

For the fiscal years ended June 30, 20172020 and June 30, 2016 10.5%2019 11.9% and 10.2%10.7%, respectively, of total revenues were derived from contracts with facilities owned by Dr. Raymond V. Damadian, the President and principal stockholder of Fonar. The agreements with these MRI facilities are for one-year terms which renew automatically on an annual basis, unless terminated. The fees for these sites, which are located in Florida, are flat monthly fees.

For services for which MedicareThe most significant adverse impact on on our Company in fiscal 2020 has been the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it had seemed the worst had passed, events in September, 2020 have shown a spike in new cases. This is billed directly, the sitesby no means a problem confined to our Company, but regardless of our best efforts, our results of operation and financial condition are paid under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, which is updated on an annual basis. Under the Medicare statutory formula, payments under the Physician Fee Schedule would have decreased for the past several years if Congress failed to intervene.potentially volatible and severe.

Many private payors useDuring March 2020 the global pandemic of COVID-19 has caused turbulence and uncertainty in the United States and international markets and economies which have adversely effected our workforce, liquidity, financial conditions, revenues, profitability and business operations. Generally COVID-19 had caused us to require that much of our workforce work from home and has restricted the ability of our personnel to travel for marketing purposes or to service our customers. The Company experienced a sudden drop in scan volume for a short term period and while the Company is not back to pre-COVID-19 levels, the scan volume has risen. During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company was able to enact certain decisions to allow the Company to survive during the global pandemic and from further losses or additional decreases in scan volume. The Company immediately enacted wide scale furloughs, deferment of up to 50% of management salaries, halted variable compensation plans and rent deferrals were negotiated with nearly all landlords. Reductions of the salaries of non-controlling interest group members, who are actively involved in the management of the Company, accounted for most of the payroll savings from cutbacks during the fourth quarter. The Company also received some government stimulus funds from the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP) and Medicare Physician Fee Scheduleadvances/stimulus payments. Although we are unable to determine their own reimbursement rates.

While Congress has repeatedly intervened to mitigatepredict if there will be additional consequences on our operations from the negative reimbursement impact associatedcontinuing global pandemic of COVID-19, the Company believes with the formula, there is no guarantee that Congress will continue to do so in the future. Moreover, the existing methodology may result in significant yearly fluctuations in the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule amounts, which may be unrelated to changes in the actual costs of providing physician services.

The 2013 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule expands a reduction in reimbursement for multiple images. Paymentpositive cash flows, low debt and cash on hand, it will be made at 75% for the professional component and 50% for the technical component of the second and subsequent scans furnished by the same physician,able to the same patient, in the same session, on the same day.

In addition, effective January 1, 2014, Medicare made significant reductions in the MRI fee schedule, by nearly 40% for some MRI studies.  continue operations going forward.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements that were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Management makes estimates and assumptions when preparing financial statements. These estimates and assumptions affect various matters, including:

our reported amounts of assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at the dates of the financial statements

our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements; and

our reported amounts of net revenue and expenses in our consolidated statements of operations during the reporting periods

These estimates involve judgments with respect to numerous factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond management’s control. As a result, actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Securities and Exchange Commission defines critical accounting estimates as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. In the notes to our consolidated financial statements, we discuss our significant accounting policies.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We recognize revenue and related costs of revenue from sales contracts for our MRI scanners and major upgrades, under the percentage-of-completion method. Under this method, we recognize revenue and related costs of revenue, as each sub-assembly is completed. Amounts received in advance of our commencement of production are recorded as customer advances.

We continuously, qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the realizability (including both positive and negative evidence) of the net deferred tax assets and assess the valuation allowance periodically. Our evaluation considers the financial condition of the Company and both the business conditions and regulatory environment of the industry. If future taxable income or other factors are not consistent with our expectations, an adjustment to our allowance for net deferred tax assets may be required. For net deferred tax assets we consider estimates of future taxable income, including tax planning strategies, in determining whether our net deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. Our ability to project future taxable income may be significantly affected by our ability to determine the impact of regulatory changes which could adversely affect our future profits. As a result, the benefits of our net operating loss carry forwards could expire before they are utilized.

At June 30, 2016,2019, the net deferred tax asset was valued at $13,042,306.$20,937,747. At June 30, 2017,2020, the net deferred tax asset was valued at $17,861,777.$18,809,757.

We depreciate our long-lived assets over their estimated economic useful lives with the exception of leasehold improvements where we use the shorter of the assets useful lives or the lease term of the facility for which these assets are associated.

The Company provides for medical receivables that could become uncollectible by establishing an allowance for doubtful accounts in order to adjust medical receivables to estimated net realizable value. In evaluating the collectability of medical receivables, the Company considers a number of factors, including the age of the account, historical collection experiences, payor type, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. There are various factors that impact collection trends, such as payor mix, changes in the economy, increase burden on copayments to be made by patients with insurance and business practices related to collection efforts. These factors continuously change and can have an impact on collection trends and the estimation process.

We amortize our intangible assets, including patents, and capitalized software development costs, over the shorter of the contractual/legal life or the estimated economic life. Our amortization life for patents and capitalized software development costs is 15 to 17 years and 5 years, respectively. Our amortization of the non-competition agreements entered into with certain individuals in connection with the HDM transaction are depreciated over seven years, and customer relationships are amortized over 20 years.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Goodwill is recorded as a result of business combinations. Management evaluates goodwill, at a minimum, on an annual basis and whenever events and changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment of goodwill is tested by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is estimated using a combination of the income or discounted cash flows approach and the market approach, which uses comparable market data. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. Based on our test for goodwill impairment, we noted no impairment related to goodwill. However, if estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We periodically assess the recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, intangibles and management agreements, when there are indications of potential impairment, based on estimates of undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of impairment is calculated by comparing anticipated discounted future cash flows with the carrying value of the related asset. In performing this analysis, management considers such factors as current results, trends, and future prospects, in addition to other economic factors.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. FISCAL 20172020 COMPARED TO FISCAL 20162019

In fiscal 2017,2020, we recognized net income of $23.7$11.7 million on revenues of $78.0$85.7 million, as compared to net income of $18.8$20.5 million on revenues of $73.4$87.2 million for fiscal 2016.2019. This represents an increasea decrease in revenues of 6.4%1.7%. Patient fee revenue net of contractual allowances increaseddecreased by 9.7%7.1%. Total costs and expenses increased by 0.1%10.7%. Our consolidated operating results improveddecreased by $4.5$8.5 million to an operating income of $19.1$13.7 million for fiscal 20172020 as compared to operating income of $14.4$22.1 million for fiscal 2016.2019.

Discussion of Operating Results of Medical Equipment Segment

Fiscal 20172020 Compared to Fiscal 20162019

Revenues attributable to our medical equipment segment increaseddecreased by 4.0%15.5% to $11.2$8.5 million in fiscal 20172020 from $10.8$10.0 million in fiscal 2016,2019, with product sales revenues increasingdecreasing by 23.1%83.0% from $1.3$1.8 million in fiscal 20162019 to $1.6$298,000 in fiscal 2020. Service revenue decreased from $8.3 million in fiscal 2017. Service revenue increased from $9.52019 to $8.2 million in fiscal 2016 to $9.6 million in fiscal 2017.2020.

The Upright® MRI is unique in that it permits MRI scans to be performed on patients upright in the weight-bearing state and in multiple positions that correlate with symptoms.

Product sales to unrelated parties increaseddecreased by 23.1%83.0% in fiscal 20172020 from $1.3$1.8 million in fiscal 20162019 to $1.6 million$298,000 in fiscal 2017.2020. There were no product sales to related parties in fiscal 20172020 or 2016.2019.

We believe that one of our principal challenges in achieving greater market penetration is attributable to the better name recognition and larger sales forces of our larger competitors such as General Electric, Siemens, Hitachi, Philips and Toshiba and the ability of some of our competitors to offer attractive financing terms through affiliates, such as G.E. Capital.

In addition, lower reimbursement rates have reduced the demand for our MRI products, resulting in lower sales volumes. As a result of fewer sales, service revenues have decreased since as older scanners are taken out of service, there are fewer new scanners available to sign service contracts.

The operating resultsloss for the medical equipment segment decreasedincreased from an operating loss of $1.9$3.4 million in fiscal 20162019 to an operating loss of $2.3$6.4 million in fiscal 2017.2020. The losses are attributable most significantly to the fact that costs increased by a greater amount than revenues.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

We recognized revenues of $714,000$96,000 from the sale of our Upright® MRI scanners in fiscal 2017,2020, while in fiscal 2016,2019, we recognized revenues of $834,000$779,000 from the sale of Upright® MRI scanners.

Research and development expenses, decreasedincreased to $1.5$2.0 million in fiscal 20172020 from $1.6$1.8 million in fiscal 2016.2019. Our expenses for fiscal 20172020 represented continued research and development of Fonar’s scanners, Fonar’s new hardware and software product, Sympulse® and new surface coils to be used withvarious upgrades for the Upright® MRI scanner.

Discussion of Operating Results of Physician and Diagnostic Services Management Segment.

Fiscal 20172020 Compared to Fiscal 2016

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES2019

Revenues attributable to the Company's physician and diagnostic services management segment, HMCA, increased by 6.8% to $66.8remained constant at $77.2 million in fiscal 2017 from $62.6 million2020 and in fiscal 2016.2019. The increasedecrease in revenues was due to $1.8$1.7 million of patient fees (net of contractual allowances and discounts less provision for bad debts) from patient and third party payors recognized by four of the facilities in Florida. One of these locations added additional medical equipment which allowed it to increase volume coupled with an increase in management and other fees of $2.4$1.7 million.

Cost of revenues as a percentage of the related revenues for our physician and diagnostic services management segment decreased from $35.4$40.2 million or 56.6%52.0% of related revenues for the year ended June 30, 20162019 to $34.1$39.8 million, or 51.0%51.5% of related revenues for the year ended June 30, 2017.2020. The revenues increased more than the costs relating to these revenues.

Operating results of this segment increaseddecreased from operating income of $16.3$25.6 million in fiscal 20162019 to operating income of $21.4$20.1 million in fiscal 2017.2020. We believe that our efforts to expand and improve the operation of our physician and diagnostic services management segment are directly responsible for the profitability of this segment and our company as a whole.

Discussion of Certain Consolidated Results of Operations

Fiscal 20172020 Compared to Fiscal 20162019

Interest and investment income decreased slightlyincreased in 20172020 compared to 2016.2019. We recognized interest income of $193,141$502,145 in 20172020 as compared to $224,263$482,573 in fiscal 2016,2019, representing a decreasean increase of 13.9%4.1%.

Interest expense recovery of $28,299$74,321 was recognized in fiscal 2017,2020, as compared to interest expense of $262,193$98,636 in fiscal 2016.2019. This was due to additional principal payments being made to retire our debt.

While revenue increaseddecreased by 6.4%,1.7% selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 4.8%38.7% to $19.4$26.7 million in fiscal 20172020 from $18.5$19.3 million in fiscal 2016.2019. This increase was almost exclusively due to reserves placed on service contracts and management fees and other receivables resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. It is too early to know how much of these reserves will be recovered.

The compensatory element of stock issuances increaseddecreased from approximately $2,006$1,990,380 in fiscal 20162019 to $2,397,276$0 in fiscal 2017, reflecting a increase in Fonar’s use of its stock bonus plans.

The higher provision for bad debts of $477,577 in fiscal 2017, as compared to $202,000 in fiscal 2016, reflected an increase in reserves for certain indebtedness and some bad debt recoveries in fiscal 2017 by our physician and diagnostic services management segment. In addition in fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a provision for bad debts for patient fee revenue of $16.2 million for the MRI facilities in Florida which bill patients and third party payors directly. The three Florida sites managed by HMCA jointly and severally guaranteed the payment of their management fees to HMCA, further securing HMCA’s management fee receivables.2020.

Revenue from service and repair fees increaseddecreased from $9.5$8.3 million in fiscal 20162019 to $9.6$8.2 million in fiscal 2017.2020.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Continuing our tradition as the originator of MRI, we remain committed to maintaining our position as the leading innovator of the industry through investing in research and development. In fiscal 20172020 we continued our investment in the development of our newvarious upgrades for the UPRIGHT® MRI, scanners, together with software and upgrades, with an investment of $1,480,670$2,025,376 in research and development, none of which was capitalized, as compared to $1,631,846,$1,812,347, none of which was capitalized, in fiscal 2016.2019. The research and development expenditures were approximately 13.2%23.9% of revenues attributable to our medical equipment segment and 1.9%2.4% of total revenues in 2017,2020, and 15.1%18.1% of medical equipment segment revenues and 2.2%2.1% of total revenues in fiscal 2016.2019. This represented a 9.3% decrease11.8% increase in research and development expenditures in fiscal 20172020 as compared to fiscal 2016.2019.

For the physician and diagnostic services management segment, HMCA, revenues increased, from $62.6remained constant at $77.2 million in fiscal 2016 to $66.8 million2019 and in fiscal 2017.2020. This is primarily attributable to an increase in patient scans resulting from our marketing efforts.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

For the fiscal year 20172020 the Company recorded an income tax benefit,expense, net of $5.0$2.4 million compared with $4.3an income tax expense of $2.0 million for 2016.2019. The income tax benefits is attributable to the expected tax benefits associated with the projected realization and utilization of our net operating losses in future periods. The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of $17.9$18.8 million as of June 30, 2017,2020, primarily relating to the tax benefits from the net operating loss carry forwards available to offset future taxable income. The utilization of these tax benefits is dependent on the Company generating future taxable income. Although the Company is projecting to generate taxable income in future periods, they cannot accurately measure the full impact of the adoption of healthcare regulations, including the impact of continuing changes in MRI scanning reimbursement rates, which could materially impact operations. A partial valuation allowance will be maintained until evidence exists to support that it is no longer needed.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. FISCAL 2016 COMPARED TO FISCAL 2015

In fiscal 2016, we recognized net income of $18.8 million on revenues of $73.4 million, as compared to net income of $15.4 million on revenues of $69.1 million for fiscal 2015. Our consolidated operating results improved by $1,455,739 to an operating income of $14.4 million for fiscal 2016 as compared to an operating income of $12.9 million for fiscal 2015.

Discussion of Operating Results of Medical Equipment Segment

Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015

Revenues attributable to our medical equipment segment decreased by 6.1% to $10.8 million in fiscal 2016 from $11.5 million in fiscal 2015, with product sales revenues decreasing by 29.9% from $1.8 million in fiscal 2015 to $1.3 million in fiscal 2016. Service revenue decreased from $9.7 million in fiscal 2015 to $9.5 million in fiscal 2016.

Product sales to unrelated parties decreased by 29.9% in fiscal 2016 from $1.8 million in fiscal 2015 to $1.3 million in fiscal 2016. There were no product sales to related parties in fiscal 2016 or 2015.

The operating results for the medical equipment segment decreased from income of $505,000 in fiscal 2015 to an operating loss of $1.9 million in fiscal 2016. This decrease was attributable most significantly to the fact that costs increased and the revenues decreased.

We recognized revenues of $834,000 from the sale of our Upright® MRI scanners in fiscal 2016, while in fiscal 2015, we recognized revenues of $1,662,000 from the sale of Upright® MRI scanners.

Research and development expenses, decreased to $1.6 million in fiscal 2016 from $1.8 million in fiscal 2015. Our research and development expenses represented continued research and development of our scanners, our new hardware and software product, Sympulse® and new surface coils to be used with the Upright® MRI scanner.

Discussion of Operating Results of Physician and Diagnostic Services Management Segment.

Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015

Revenues attributable to the Company's physician and diagnostic services management segment, HMCA, increased by 8.7% to $62.6 million in fiscal 2016 from $57.6 million in fiscal 2015. The increase in revenues was primarily due to including $3.1 million of patient fees (net of contractual allowances and discounts less provision for bad debts) from patient and third party payors recognized by four of the facilities in Florida.

Cost of revenues as a percentage of the related revenues for our physician and diagnostic services management segment increased from $34.3 million or 59.6% of related revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 to $35.4 million, or 56.6% of related revenues for the year ended June 30, 2016.

Operating results of this segment increased from operating income of $12.4 million in fiscal 2015 to operating income of $16.3 million in fiscal 2016. We believe that our efforts to expand and improve the operation of our physician and diagnostic services management segment are directly responsible for the profitability of this segment and our company as a whole.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Discussion of Certain Consolidated Results of Operations

Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015

Interest and investment income decreased in 2016 compared to 2015. We recognized interest income of $224,263 in 2016 as compared to $225,270 in fiscal 2015, representing a decrease of 0.4%.

Interest expense of $262,193 was recognized in fiscal 2016, as compared to $702,095 in fiscal 2015, representing a decrease of 62.7%.

While revenue increased by 6.3%, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 39.0% to $18.7 million in fiscal 2016 from $13.5 million in fiscal 2015.

The compensatory element of stock issuances decreased from approximately $53,200 in fiscal 2015 to $2,000 in fiscal 2016, reflecting a decrease in Fonar’s use of its stock bonus plans to pay employees and others.

The lower provision for bad debts of $202,000 in fiscal 2016 as compared to $2.5 million in fiscal 2015, reflected a decrease in reserves for certain indebtedness in fiscal 2016 by our physician and diagnostic services management segment. In addition in fiscal 2016, the Company recorded a provision for bad debts for patient fee revenue of $14.5 million for the four MRI facilities in Florida which bill patients and third party payors directly. The three Florida sites managed by HMCA jointly and severally guaranteed the payment of their management fees to HMCA, further securing HMCA’s management fee receivables.

For the fiscal year 2016 the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $4.3 million compared with $2.6 million for 2015. The income tax benefit is attributable to the income tax benefits associated with the increase in the deferred tax asset for the years then ended. The Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $13.0 million as of June 30, 2016 relating to the tax benefits resulting from the net operating loss carry forwards available to be offset in the future.

Revenue from service and repair fees decreased from $9.7 million in fiscal 2015 to $9.5 million in fiscal 2016.

In fiscal 2016 we continued our investment in the development of our new MRI scanners, together with software and upgrades, with an investment of $1,631,846 in research and development, none of which was capitalized, as compared to $1,812,398, none of which was capitalized, in fiscal 2015. The research and development expenditures were approximately 15.1% of revenues attributable to our medical equipment segment and 2.2% of total revenues in 2016, and 15.8% of medical equipment segment revenues and 2.6% of total revenues in fiscal 2015. This represented a 10.0% decrease in research and development expenditures in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015.

We have been taking steps to improve HMCA revenues by our marketing efforts, which focus on the unique capability of our Upright® MRI scanners to scan patients in different positions. We have also been increasing the number of health insurance plans in which our clients participate. The utilization of these tax benefits is dependent on the Company generating future taxable income and other factors. A partial valuation allowance will be maintained until evidence exists to support that it is no longer needed, (principally related to research and development credits).

Our management fees are dependent on collection by our clients of fees from reimbursements from Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, no fault and workers’ compensation carriers, self–pay and other third-party payors. The health care industry is experiencing the effects of the federal and state governments’ trend toward cost containment, as governments and other third-party payors seek to impose lower reimbursement and utilization rates and negotiate reduced payment schedules with providers. The cost-containment measures, consolidated with the increasing influence of managed-care payors and competition for patients, have resulted in reduced rates of reimbursement for services provided by our clients from time to time. Our future revenues and results of operations may be adversely impacted by future reductions in reimbursement rates.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Certain third-party payors have proposed and implemented changes in the methods and rates of reimbursement that have had the effect of substantially decreasing reimbursement for diagnostic imaging services that HMCA’s clients provide. To the extent reimbursement from third-party payors is reduced, it will likely have an adverse impact on the rates they pay us, as they would need to reduce the management fees they pay HMCA to offset such decreased reimbursement rates. Furthermore, many commercial health care insurance arrangements are changing, so that individuals bear greater financial responsibility through high deductible plans, co-insurance and higher co-payments, which may result in patients delaying or foregoing medical procedures. More frequently, however, patients are scanned and we experience difficulty in collecting deductibles and co-payments. We expect that any further changes to the rates or methods of reimbursement for services, which reduce the reimbursement per scan of our clients may partially offset the increases in scan volume we are working to achieve for our clients, and indirectly will result in a decline in our revenues.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe adverse effect on our revenues during the final quarter of 2020. The continuing impact of this pandemic cannot be predicted for future periods, notwithstanding recent improvements.

On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law healthcare reform legislation in the form of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or PPACA. Healthcare cost containment, reductions of Medicare and other payments, and increased regulation will present additional challenges for healthcare providers. We are unable to predict the fullThe impact of the PPACA is uncertain mostly because of the efforts of the present administration to repeal and/or replace the Act and executive actions taken to minimize to the extent possible amendment or repealthe effects and replacementrequirements of PPACA. It may, however, adversely affect the revenues or the profitability of either or both our medical equipment segment and physician and diagnostic services management segment.Act.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

In addition, the use of radiology benefit managers, or RBM’s has increased in recent years. It is common practice for health insurance carriers to contract with RBMs to manage utilization of diagnostic imaging procedures for their insureds. In many cases, this leads to lower utilization of imaging procedures based on a determination of medical necessity. The efficacy of RBMs is still a highly controversial topic. We cannot predict whether the healthcare legislation or the use of RBMs will negatively impact our business, but it is possible that our financial position and results of operations could be negatively affected.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash, and cash equivalents increased by 18.9%165.1% from $8.5$13.9 million at June 30, 20162019 to $10.1$36.8 million at June 30, 2017.2020.

Cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 20172020 approximated $16.8$20.4 million. Cash provided by operating activities was attributable to the net income of $23.7$11.7 million, depreciation and amortization of $3.5$3.9 million, deferred income tax expense benefit of $2.1 million which was offset by the deferred income tax benefit of $5.0 million and the increase in accounts, medical and management fee receivables of $5.9$10.8 million.

Cash used inprovided by investing activities for fiscal 20172020 approximated $4.3$7.4 million. The use of cash provided from investing activities was attributable to purchases of property and equipment of $2.9$7.5 million, costsproceeds of acquisitionsshort term investments of $1.3$15.1 million and costs of patents of $155,000.$118,000.

Cash used by financing activities for fiscal 20172020 approximated $10.9$4.9 million. The principal uses of cash in financing activities included the repayment ofproceeds from loans and capital lease obligations of $4.0$5.6 million, and repayment of borrowings and capital lease obligations of $5.0 million and distributions to non-controlling interests of $7.0$5.6 million.

Total liabilities decreasedincreased by 34.3%249.8% during fiscal 2017,2020, from approximately $24.1$15.4 million at June 30, 20162019 to approximately $15.9$54.0 million at June 30, 2017.2020. This was due mainly to the implementation of a new accounting pronouncement.

As at June 30, 2017,2020, our obligations included approximately $4.6$2.2 million in various state sales taxes, inclusive of penalties and interest. The Company is in the process of negotiating settlements of these obligations.

At June 30, 2017,2020, we had working capital of approximately $39.2$77.2 million as compared to working capital of $24.9$71.0 million at June 30, 2016,2019, and stockholders’ equity of $82.9$126.2 million at June 30, 20172020 as compared to stockholders’ equity of $60.8$118.1 million at June 30, 2016.2019. For the year ended June 30, 2017,2020, we realized a net income of $23.711.7 million.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our principal sources of liquidity are derived from revenues.

Our business plan includes a program for manufacturing and selling our Upright® MRI scanners. In addition, we are enhancing our revenue by participating in the physician and diagnostic services management business through our subsidiary, HMCA and have upgraded the facilities which it manages, most significantly by the replacement of the original MRI scanners with new Upright® MRI scanners. Presently, 25As of the 26June 30, 2020, HMCA manages a total of 35 MRI facilities managed by HMCA,scanners of which 22 MRI scanners are equipped with Upright® MRI scanners.located in New York and 13 are located in Florida. We have also intensified our marketing activities through the hiring of additional marketers for HMCA’s clients.

Our business plan also calls for a continuing emphasis on providing our customers with enhanced equipment service and maintenance capabilities and delivering state-of-the-art, innovative and high quality equipment upgrades at competitive prices. Fees for on-going service and maintenance from our installed base of scanners were $9.5$8.3 million for the year ended June 30, 20162019 and $9.6$8.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2017.2020.

In order to promote profitability and to reduce demands on our cash and other liquid reserves, we maintain an aggressive program of cost cutting. Previously, these measures included consolidating HMCA’s office space with Fonar’s office space and reducing the size of our workforce, compensation and benefits. We continue to reduce and contain expenses across the board. The cost reductions are intended to enable us to withstand periods of low volumes of MRI scanner sales, by keeping expenditures at levels which can be supported by service revenues and HMCA revenues.

 FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Current economic credit conditions have contributed to a slower than optimal business environment. Given liquidity and credit constraints in the markets,As a result our business may suffer, should the credit markets not improve in the near future. The direct impact of these conditions is not fully known.

Revenues from HMCA have been the principal reason for our profitability, and we have so far been able to maintain and increase such revenues by increasing the number of scans being performed by the sites we manage and those we own, notwithstanding reductions in reimbursement rates from third party payors. The likelihood and effect of any subsequent reductions is not fully known.

Capital expenditures for fiscal 20172020 approximated $3.0$7.6 million. Capitalized patent costs were approximately $155,000.$118,000. Purchases of property and equipment were approximately $2.9$7.5 million.

In July, 2020, we completed the installation of a new MRI facility in Pembroke Pine, Florida.

Fonar has not committed to making capital expenditures in the 20182021 fiscal year, except for acquiring anplacing three (3) additional scanner to placescanners at the Tallahassee site and providing a new scanner to replace the scanner at the Miami site.facilities located in New York.

The Company believes that its business plan has been responsible for the past fourfive consecutive fiscal years of profitability (fiscal 2017,2020, fiscal 2016,2019, fiscal 20152018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2014)2016) and that its capital resources will be adequate to support operations at current levels through September 30, 2021.

On April 20, 2020, we entered into a $4,917,325 loan agreement with the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) under the CARES Act. Due to an abundance of caution, however, on May 1, 2020, we returned the full amount of the loan, since it became increasingly unclear whether or not a public company would be required to seek other sources of financing. 

On June 30, 2018.2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of $700,764 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amount up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The Company applied for this additional loan exclusively for the Florida locations during June 2020 due to the fact that the COVID-19 virus was increasing in Florida. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable after 24 weeks as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries during the 24 week period. The Company believes that most if not all of the loan proceeds will be forgiven, however there is no assurance that it will be forgiven until approval is received.

During September 2020 the Company amended their revolving credit agreement. The terms increase the borrowing limits from $3,000,000 to $10,000,000 and the agreement was extended to August 2021. The interest rate on borrowings remains at 4% along with certain financial covenants still applicable.

ITEM 7A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET

RISK

The Company does not have any investments in marketable securities, foreign currencies, mutual funds, certificates of deposit or other fixed rate instruments. All of our funds are in cash accounts or money market accounts which are liquid.

All of our revenue, expense and capital purchasing activities are transacted in United States dollars.

See Note 10 to the consolidated Financial Statements for information on long-term debt.

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Audit Committee of the

Board of Directors and Stockholders of

FONAR Corporation and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FONAR Corporation and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 20172020 and 2016, and2019, the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the threetwo years in the period ended June 30, 2017. 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of the guidance in ASC Topic 842, Leases.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’sCompany's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidatedthe Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditaudits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. Anmisstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit also includesof its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement presentation.statements. We believe that our audits provideprovides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of FONAR Corporation and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Marcum llp

Marcum llp

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (Continued)

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), FONAR Corporation and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reportingserved as of June 30, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013) and our report dated September 27, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/auditor since 1990, such date takes into account the merger of Tabb, Conigliaro, McGann, P.C. (“Tabb”) into another firm in approximately 2001 and the former partners of Tabb joining Marcum LLP in 2002.

Marcum LLP 

New York, NY

September 27, 201730, 2020

FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS